China is the world's largest consumer of phosphate fertilizers. Ten years ago, China's phosphate fertilizers mainly relied on imports. Now after rapid development, China's phosphate fertilizer industry has formed a relatively complete industrial layout, which can basically meet the needs of China's agriculture for phosphate fertilizer. However, because the concentration of phosphate fertilizer industry in China is not high, the scale of enterprises is small and the layout is scattered. Although the industry as a whole is relatively competitive in the domestic market, the competitiveness of enterprises is insufficient. This provides a basis for China to build a large-scale phosphorus compound fertilizer base in resource-rich regions.
At present, both Yunnan and Guizhou provinces have established large-scale phosphate compound fertilizer enterprises with a total physical volume of more than 3 million tons, and Yichang District of Hubei Province has also invested in a multi-party investment to form a total of nearly 4 million tons of physical and chemical fertilizer compound fertilizer bases. The construction of these bases has its rationality. However, when the relevant experts commented on the several bases, it is believed that China's phosphorus-rich provinces should consider multiple factors in the development of phosphate fertilizer compound fertilizer bases, and should not be blindly seeking great results.
First, considering environmental protection, the scale should be appropriate. A CEO of a state-owned company bought mines in resource provinces in order to solve the problem of raw materials, but was asked by local governments to invest in large and medium-sized phosphate and compound fertilizer projects. He expressed that he is willing to invest in other industries and is unwilling to do phosphate fertilizer, because the local area is a tourist resort, and the construction of a large number of phosphorus and fertilizer facilities is not conducive to its development. In fact, phosphorus resources in Yunnan are mainly concentrated in the vicinity of Kunming, Yichang is the seat of the Three Gorges, and the environmental conditions in Guizhou are relatively good. They are places that should pay special attention to environmental protection. Phosphorus gypsum pollution in the phosphate fertilizer industry is more difficult to control. Currently, the feasible method is to produce cement, but cement has been surplus in China. Moreover, the construction industry in these areas is not very prosperous, and the transportation is difficult. The development of cement is not a good idea. Therefore, the development of phosphorus and compound fertilizer in these areas should not be infinitely large.
Second, resources must be protected and long-term development should be planned. Experts estimate that China's high-grade phosphate rock can still be used for about 14 years at current consumption levels, even if conservation is only enough for 20 years. Low-grade ore grades are also available for nearly 100 years. The basic construction of these several bases is based on the combination of high-grade ore and medium grade ore. Therefore, experts suggest that these several bases should consider conserving some high-grade phosphorus resources for national and future agricultural needs. Even if considering the company's own considerations and investing billions of billions of yuan in the construction of production facilities, it cannot be discarded for only 10 years and 20 years, not to mention the problem of worker resettlement.
Third, transporting fertilizer is not necessarily more convenient than transporting ore. Another basis for the construction of phosphate compound fertilizer bases in resource-rich areas is the large amount of phosphate rock that is transported out of the country, resulting in a small amount of fertilizer. However, it should be considered that fertilizer consumption is concentrated in the two seasons of spring and autumn, and transportation is also concentrated in these two seasons. This may be more difficult for Yunnan-Guizhou to open up the time for transporting phosphate ore to outside. With the current annual output of more than 3 million tons of fertilizers in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, people often hear the news that they cannot be transported. Then, when the three bases are built and the output reaches 9 million tons, can Sinotrans also conceive of foreign transport? In addition, the same transportation to the northeast market, Yungui's companies compared with companies in Shandong, Jiangsu, in addition to different transport distances, the sensitivity of the market will also bring great differences in efficiency.
Fourth, resource advantages are relative, but the enrichment of phosphorus resources does not equate to resource advantages. The provinces where these phosphorus resources are concentrated are not exactly the provinces where sulfur is the most important resource for the production of phosphate fertilizers. Although the new sulfuric acid plants use imported sulfur, they may still be subject to resource constraints. Sudden increase in the price of sulphur over the years threatened China's sulfuric acid industry. The construction of a sulphuric acid plant in the coastal provinces can also benefit from waste heat power generation, and its sulphur imports have transport advantages, while the Yunnan and Guizhou provinces do not have an advantage in terms of receiving compensation profits from electricity and importing sulphur. In addition, the potassium fertilizer required for the production of compound fertilizers needs to be imported, so that Yungui's enterprises lose their transportation for a while compared to those in coastal provinces.
5. The ups and downs of the fertilizer market will cause financial crises in the economically vulnerable western provinces and threaten social stability. The fertilizer market follows a certain rule in China. When the trough is low, the huge Yun Gui'o base will be affected more by scale. In addition, taking into account the recognition of some local companies in some local companies and brands, the most difficult ones will be distant enterprises. Sales will be difficult and payment will be difficult. The provinces that invest most of their financial resources in the phosphorus and compound fertilizer industry will have a high degree of economic dependence on the phosphorus and compound fertilizers industry and a high probability of financial crisis. If production stops, the pressure of employment pressure and social stability will increase.
Sixth, we must fully consider the possibility of the transfer of phosphate resources. Due to historical reasons, the layout of China's phosphate and compound fertilizer industry is fragmented. Regardless of its rationality, it is also difficult for the formed structure to break. Moreover, these companies also have some advantages and can compete with the companies in Yungui. In this way, the country will not allow them to be in a state of “starvationâ€, and it is bound to conduct macro-control when they do not have the guarantee of phosphorus resources. From a legal point of view, phosphate mineral resources are state-owned and national-wide, and their development and use cannot be completely determined by the provinces where the resources are located. If you only consider how much resources your province has when you go to the device, it is likely to be passive for later operations.
At present, both Yunnan and Guizhou provinces have established large-scale phosphate compound fertilizer enterprises with a total physical volume of more than 3 million tons, and Yichang District of Hubei Province has also invested in a multi-party investment to form a total of nearly 4 million tons of physical and chemical fertilizer compound fertilizer bases. The construction of these bases has its rationality. However, when the relevant experts commented on the several bases, it is believed that China's phosphorus-rich provinces should consider multiple factors in the development of phosphate fertilizer compound fertilizer bases, and should not be blindly seeking great results.
First, considering environmental protection, the scale should be appropriate. A CEO of a state-owned company bought mines in resource provinces in order to solve the problem of raw materials, but was asked by local governments to invest in large and medium-sized phosphate and compound fertilizer projects. He expressed that he is willing to invest in other industries and is unwilling to do phosphate fertilizer, because the local area is a tourist resort, and the construction of a large number of phosphorus and fertilizer facilities is not conducive to its development. In fact, phosphorus resources in Yunnan are mainly concentrated in the vicinity of Kunming, Yichang is the seat of the Three Gorges, and the environmental conditions in Guizhou are relatively good. They are places that should pay special attention to environmental protection. Phosphorus gypsum pollution in the phosphate fertilizer industry is more difficult to control. Currently, the feasible method is to produce cement, but cement has been surplus in China. Moreover, the construction industry in these areas is not very prosperous, and the transportation is difficult. The development of cement is not a good idea. Therefore, the development of phosphorus and compound fertilizer in these areas should not be infinitely large.
Second, resources must be protected and long-term development should be planned. Experts estimate that China's high-grade phosphate rock can still be used for about 14 years at current consumption levels, even if conservation is only enough for 20 years. Low-grade ore grades are also available for nearly 100 years. The basic construction of these several bases is based on the combination of high-grade ore and medium grade ore. Therefore, experts suggest that these several bases should consider conserving some high-grade phosphorus resources for national and future agricultural needs. Even if considering the company's own considerations and investing billions of billions of yuan in the construction of production facilities, it cannot be discarded for only 10 years and 20 years, not to mention the problem of worker resettlement.
Third, transporting fertilizer is not necessarily more convenient than transporting ore. Another basis for the construction of phosphate compound fertilizer bases in resource-rich areas is the large amount of phosphate rock that is transported out of the country, resulting in a small amount of fertilizer. However, it should be considered that fertilizer consumption is concentrated in the two seasons of spring and autumn, and transportation is also concentrated in these two seasons. This may be more difficult for Yunnan-Guizhou to open up the time for transporting phosphate ore to outside. With the current annual output of more than 3 million tons of fertilizers in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, people often hear the news that they cannot be transported. Then, when the three bases are built and the output reaches 9 million tons, can Sinotrans also conceive of foreign transport? In addition, the same transportation to the northeast market, Yungui's companies compared with companies in Shandong, Jiangsu, in addition to different transport distances, the sensitivity of the market will also bring great differences in efficiency.
Fourth, resource advantages are relative, but the enrichment of phosphorus resources does not equate to resource advantages. The provinces where these phosphorus resources are concentrated are not exactly the provinces where sulfur is the most important resource for the production of phosphate fertilizers. Although the new sulfuric acid plants use imported sulfur, they may still be subject to resource constraints. Sudden increase in the price of sulphur over the years threatened China's sulfuric acid industry. The construction of a sulphuric acid plant in the coastal provinces can also benefit from waste heat power generation, and its sulphur imports have transport advantages, while the Yunnan and Guizhou provinces do not have an advantage in terms of receiving compensation profits from electricity and importing sulphur. In addition, the potassium fertilizer required for the production of compound fertilizers needs to be imported, so that Yungui's enterprises lose their transportation for a while compared to those in coastal provinces.
5. The ups and downs of the fertilizer market will cause financial crises in the economically vulnerable western provinces and threaten social stability. The fertilizer market follows a certain rule in China. When the trough is low, the huge Yun Gui'o base will be affected more by scale. In addition, taking into account the recognition of some local companies in some local companies and brands, the most difficult ones will be distant enterprises. Sales will be difficult and payment will be difficult. The provinces that invest most of their financial resources in the phosphorus and compound fertilizer industry will have a high degree of economic dependence on the phosphorus and compound fertilizers industry and a high probability of financial crisis. If production stops, the pressure of employment pressure and social stability will increase.
Sixth, we must fully consider the possibility of the transfer of phosphate resources. Due to historical reasons, the layout of China's phosphate and compound fertilizer industry is fragmented. Regardless of its rationality, it is also difficult for the formed structure to break. Moreover, these companies also have some advantages and can compete with the companies in Yungui. In this way, the country will not allow them to be in a state of “starvationâ€, and it is bound to conduct macro-control when they do not have the guarantee of phosphorus resources. From a legal point of view, phosphate mineral resources are state-owned and national-wide, and their development and use cannot be completely determined by the provinces where the resources are located. If you only consider how much resources your province has when you go to the device, it is likely to be passive for later operations.
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