The rapid development of China's heavy chemical industry has made 'safety production' virtually useless. Crossing this threshold, cleaning the GDP with 'blood', how to rely on administrative power to establish the authority of the system, this historical mission was handed over to Li Yizhong, the 'firefighter'.
'I personally have no intention of causing a storm of safety supervision, but it is inevitable that more supervision will be carried out... In the future, safety production will deny mutual recognition and increase safety accountability. This may offend some people, offend some places and offend some of them. Department, but the number of casualties is reduced, which is the most important. On April 5, when Li Yizhong spoke about this statement at the news conference of the State Council Information Office, his identity was already made up of Secretary of the Party Committee of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and deputy director, and he was the first director of the State Administration of Work Safety of China.
Behind this major adjustment is the frequent occurrence of various mine disasters, air disasters and public crisis accidents in recent years. Only within four months before Li Yizhong took office, there were three consecutive major mine disasters in the country. The locations were in Zhengzhou Daping, Chenjiashan, Tongchuan and Fuxin Sunjiawan. The death toll also soared, with 147 people and 166 people respectively. 214 people. A plane crash took place on November 21 last year. 55 people were buried in Baotou.
On the one hand, it is the rapid development of China's economy. On the other hand, industrial production has experienced rapid increases in production accidents and the number of casualties under the pressure of rapid economic growth. Even the media has begun to use 'blooded GDP' to condemn this situation. Pressure from the safety production supervision department has increased dramatically.
Liu Tiemin, president of the China Institute of Safety Production Sciences, analyzed and studied the data on the number of deaths caused by work accidents in New China over the past 50 years, and the national economic growth rate over the same period. He concluded that the death index of industrial accidents and GDP are increasing at the same time.
He analyzed the correlation and linear regression between the economic growth rate and the death toll from work-related accidents, and obtained a 'death elasticity coefficient': When China's GDP growth rate is greater than 5%, every one percentage point increase, the death toll index This is followed by a 2.2% increase; when the GDP growth rate exceeds 7%, this synchronous growth trend is even more pronounced. He believes that determining the number of deaths at work injury is not the static aggregate of GDP, but its dynamic growth changes, or more precisely, the dynamic changes in energy demand that are affected by GDP and its mode of growth.
In fact, the experience of the developed countries also shows that the year with the highest peak of safety production accidents is precisely when the economy has the fastest development and the industrial development is heavy. For example, in Japan in the 1960s, more than 6,000 people died as a result of work-related accidents, and today only 1,800 people die each year. Before the end of World War II, coal production in the United States killed more than 2,000 people each year, but now it only kills about 30 people each year. The study also shows that when a country's GDP per capita is between 1,000 and 3,000 US dollars, it is a period of high safety production accidents. China is clearly at such a crossroads.
On February 23, the State Council specially convened the 81st executive meeting to upgrade the State Administration of Work Safety into the General Administration of Administration. Five days later, Li Yizhong was quickly appointed as director of the General Administration of Administration and became the 'firefighter' who took over the historic mission.
Li Yizhong 'Firefighting'
Li Yizhong was born in the oil industry and is no stranger to safe production. He once recalled: 'I used to work in a petrochemical company for a long time. This is a high-temperature, high-pressure, flammable, toxic, hazardous, continuous operation industry. For more than 30 years, I have also experienced some production accidents and also dealt with some accidents. When I was the director of the workshop and the factory manager, I personally carried the bodies of our employees and I was in a heavy burden to do the work of these families. '
In this regard, Cao Bingyan, Director of the former Safety Supervision Bureau of Sinopec Corp., gave an example to “Business Weekâ€. In 1987, Li Yizhong was transferred from the manager of Qilu Petrochemical to Deputy General Manager of Sinopec. At that time, the safety office was just a department under the production department. . After Li Yizhong focused on production, the Security Department was upgraded to the Safety Production Supervision Bureau and the production department was leveled.
In 1992, Sinopec streamlined the organization. Due to some disagreements, the Safety Supervision Bureau was once again brought back to the safety of five or six people. As a result, Sinopec suffered a series of safety accidents in succession. In the second year, Sinopec re-established the Safety Production Supervision Bureau. 'This Li Yizhong played a big role. Cao said.
Later, Li Yizhong, who was chairman of Sinopec, even raised safety production to a level where there is no safety without having everything. At the same time, he stressed that he is the top leader in safety. It is precisely based on this concept and practice that after Li Yizhong was promoted to the position of deputy director of the SASAC, he was responsible for the safety production of the central company.
However, for the new title given, Director of the State Administration of Work Safety, Li Yizhong still feels 'suddenly'. This has caused the outside world to have some associations with his transfer. Some people think that he had offended some of the central enterprises during the SASAC's 'hard style', and others thought that he might touch some high-level officials because he wanted to investigate the accounts of the central enterprises. 'nerve'. These are no longer validating. It is important that China's accident-prone, problem-prone safety production is at the helm of such a 'capable' company. After all, it is a blessing.
Before Li et al. made a momentary adjustment, the situation forced him to work in the front line. He was not applauded. Instead, it was just a gas explosion accident in Lixin Haizhou, Liaoning Province. 214 lives disappeared underground, becoming the largest accident in the coal mine industry in 45 years.
In the following month, Li Yizhong basically “fought†with gas: he implemented the seven measures of the State Council on gas control and organized a major coal mine safety inspection. During the period from February 23 to March 10, 21 inspection teams consisting of 105 workers were distributed to 20 coal-producing provinces and central coal companies. The results of the inspection were: The mines with major potential hazards were ordered to stop production for rectification at 8 sites; the 497 hidden dangers that were detected were all reported to the local government; 18 coal mines that had not undergone the “three simultaneous†inspections were ordered to suspend production. Notice of rectification; ordered production and rectification orders for 17 coal mines that have not yet been identified for gas dynamics.
Li Yizhong lived up to his expectations. After firing the first shot of gas, he took advantage of the opportunity of the Safety Production Supervision Administration to upgrade to the General Administration of Justice and launched a series of 'combination punches' on the difficulties of safety supervision.
Li Yizhong promised to repay all coal mine security debts within 3 years. According to statistics from the State Administration of Work Safety, state-owned coal mines currently have a security debt of up to 50.5 billion yuan. From a certain perspective, these security debts directly led to coal mine accidents. For this reason, increasing investment in safety has become one of the focal points of Li Yizhong’s administration.
He said that the State Administration of Work Safety is stepping up efforts to build a mechanism for joint investment by countries, localities, and enterprises. Apart from all the 3 billion government bond funds that the government has arranged for gas control this year, local governments will also invest capital in proportions. As the main body of security investment, the company will extract security costs based on the relevant provisions for the extraction and use of security costs.
Li Yizhong put another focus on increasing security accountability. At the press conference on April 5, Li Yizhong repeatedly stressed that the recent accidents were caused by mine owners ignoring state laws, ignoring government supervision, ignoring the lives of miners and illegally exploiting and illegally producing products. But at the same time, he admitted frankly that this has also revealed some problems such as the lack of sound safety supervision, lack of strict enforcement, and failure to implement the responsibility. He then stated that in the future work, 'will take a gesture of mutual recognition,' increase safety accountability, and reshape safety supervision authority.
Li Yizhong’s ambition is to gradually establish a safe, secure, and coordinated production safety supervision system with national supervision, departmental and local supervision, corporate responsibility, mass participation, and social support through hard work. For the State Administration of Work Safety, the position of the first director is to 'stand on top of the overall situation, perform the duties of national supervision and comprehensive supervision, and supervise the implementation of supervision responsibilities of local governments, industry authorities, and state-owned assets investors. Implement the responsibility of corporate security responsibility. He repeatedly stressed that the General Administration of Administration can not substitute for local government, can not replace the competent department of the industry, can not replace the institutional investor, and can not substitute for the enterprise, they must find the position of the General Administration of Industry.
It is at such a high level that Li Yizhong’s ideas of managing gas for a month or so, repaying security debts, and increasing responsibility for accountability have become increasingly clear. However, this is only a good beginning. The center of Li Yi knows that 'some people think that my work has become ineffective or overkill'. He stressed that as long as we work together, we will certainly be able to do a good job of safe production. .
Of course, the key to the problem is whether or not it can work together under the existing safety supervision system.
Ineffective law enforcement, 'fire prevention' change, 'flame'
China's safety supervision implements a hierarchical management. This type of management system enables the local government to form a superior-subordinate relationship with the local safety supervision bureau. The local safety supervision bureau is appointed by the local government. In response to this, many experts pointed out in an interview with Business Weekly: In this situation, when the conflict between security and economic production conflicts, local governments always pay more attention to economic efficiency, and security enforcement becomes The slogan and the 'castle in the air' in the file.
At the same time, after the restructuring of petroleum, chemical, and coal industries into corporatization operations in recent years, due to the balance of costs and benefits, the regulatory power of internal safety production has gradually weakened, and the mode of hierarchical management has also created a vacuum for local supervision. Over time, the supervisory authority appears to be 'weak' relative to the production department, and it is difficult to effectively supervise it.
As an example of a natural gas blowout accident in Kaixian County, Chongqing, which caused 234 deaths at the end of 2003, the officials of the Kaixian County Safety Supervision Department admitted to the media at that time that the China National Petroleum Corporation, which caused the accident, was a deputy ministerial-level enterprise. The unit cannot afford safety supervision. The county safety supervision bureau, as the competent authority of the local safety supervision work, did not even get an accident report from the mining department.
In response, Li Jiucheng, director of the Henan Provincial Safety Supervision Bureau, expressed his feelings about the difficulties of local safety supervision work: 'In the local state-level large enterprises, one of their office chiefs may be a very high administrative level and will not listen to you at all. 'Specifically, the safety supervision personnel inside the production company are hard to truly exercise their duties. The reporter encountered a specific case in the interview: In 2004, a workshop director of a company in northeast China illegally operated special equipment and was fined by the company's safety supervisors. As a result, the safety supervisor was subjected to the complications of the workshop director and allowed him to be laid off.
In fact, even before the State Administration of Work Safety was upgraded to the General Administration of State, its coordination with various ministries and commissions was rather weak. 'Industry ministries and commissions are all ministries' agencies, and safety supervision bureaus are only sub-ministerial units. An official of the Bureau of Policy and Regulations of the Bureau believes that the leveling of the State Administration of Work Safety and the central ministries and commissions and local provinces will be conducive to the coordination of the State Administration of Work Safety. However, he repeatedly emphasized to Business Week that it was not that the administrative level had gone up and that the implementation of the safety supervision work was in place.
In fact, since the establishment of the National Work Safety Supervision Bureau in 2001, the Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau has always been vertically managed. 'National supervision, local supervision, and corporate responsibility' are basic patterns that have long been established, but why do mine disasters occur frequently? Xue Hao, executive deputy director of the School of Public Administration at Tsinghua University and Mao Shoulong, director of the Department of Administration at Renmin University of China, all pointed out that, in the final analysis, security laws and regulations were not implemented. The core of safety reform should be the rule of law. Otherwise, if the system does not change but only the administrative upgrade, the mine disaster can not be contained. 'Xue Yu said.
Only on the website of the State Administration of Work Safety, 13 national security law-related reporters have been found, including the "Safety Production Act," "Fire Protection Law," "Mining Safety Law," and "Road Traffic Safety Law," and other administrative regulations. 36 Include the Regulations on Mine Safety Supervision, the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals, the Regulations on the Protection of Railway Transport Safety, the Regulations on Civil Aviation Safety and Security, and the Provisions of the State Council on Administrative Accountability of Extraordinarily Serious Accidents, etc. Various departmental regulations and local regulations are numerous. The various security incidents that have been frequent for many years show that these laws and regulations are almost useless.
In an interview with Businessweek, officials from the State Administration of Work Safety Policy and Regulations acknowledged that the existing laws and regulations are sound, such as coal mine safety, the "Coal Law", the "Coal Mine Safety Regulations," and the "Coal Safety Regulations." And so on, 'These regulations are very detailed. If we can do it according to the procedures, there will be not so many accidents.'
However, whether a coal mine can be implemented according to the regulations and whether a section can be implemented does not have much to do with the regulation itself. This is China's current most typical 'legal system, can not be ruled'. The diversification of economic interests brought about by market-oriented reforms has eliminated the powerful administrative authority of the past. However, institutional authority has not yet been established. It is up to you to determine how many parts of the law you have, and how many times you have to hold meetings and how many times you conduct inspections. It is impossible to resist the most direct stimulation of economic interests for desire.
In fact, the resolution of security incidents is a systematic project. It not only requires administrative enhancement of authority, but also needs to be strengthened from various perspectives of law enforcement capabilities, economic incentives, and technological innovation. Qian Pingfan of the Ministry of Industry and Economic Affairs of the Development Research Center of the State Council, taking the American experience as an example, explained to reporters the principle of 'fire prevention' rather than 'flaming': First, safety supervision agencies have independent enforcement powers, and safety guards have the power to order coal mines. Discontinue production, even if the level of safety guards is much lower than that of government or corporate executives; secondly, the amount of fines paid by the business owner in advance and afterwards is higher than the amount he should have spent on safety production; and thirdly, it is technically continuous. progress. The resulting effect is that the death rate per million tons of coal in the United States is only 1% of that in China.
Expert governance line
'The security industry technology is a very technical industry and business, if you do not understand the inspection will be in the form. Li Yizhong, who has years of experience in petrochemical safety management, frankly stated that once he went to the SASAC to supervise the airlines, he was led by him to see the maintenance of the aircraft and to see the operation chart of the dispatch room, but he only knew that people had these things. Can't pick the fault. 'This kind of inspection is more like a visit than an inspection. Therefore, after taking office, Li Yizhong used 'Technology and Security' as an important part of the new security policy. He advocated that experts conduct safety inspections and take the 'expert governance' route.
For this reason, in more than one month of his appointment, Li Yizhong had rushed to the China Academy of Safety Production to inspect the work, and he repeatedly emphasized that the CASS should do a good job of 'technical support' for the State Administration of Work Safety. At that time, the Chinese Academy of Safety Production Science, which was the beginning of the word “Chinaâ€, was formally established on January 18, 2005. The previous name was also the Safety Science and Technology Research Center of the State Bureau of Safety Production Supervision.
Wu Zongzhi, the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in an interview with Business Weekly: 'The fact that the CASS was able to be listed is one of the results that the central government attaches great importance to safety production. Its goal is very clear. It is to pass safety science. Technology promotes and ensures safe production, preventing and controlling the occurrence of casualties. '
Wu Zongzhi said that the establishment of the CASS is not just a matter of changing the name. As the state-level Academy of Sciences is increasing some basic and critical research. For this reason, the number of personnel approved by the State for the CAS has been increased from the original 128 to 178. In the description of Wu Zongzhi, the original research room of the Anker Academy was upgraded to a research institute and the public safety research institute was added. Finally, the layout of the '666' will be formed from the institution's establishment—6 institutes and 6 centers. , 6 functional departments. The reporter learned that the scope of the expansion plan of the CASS is even larger than that of the State Administration of Work Safety.
Wu Zongzhi, who is the vice president of the Academy of Sciences, is also an academic leader in the prevention of major accidents in China. He has been doing a good job in this industry for 16 years. He also compiled the first textbook on emergency rescue plans in China. In his view, 'security is relative, danger is absolute, and accidents can be prevented'.
He thinks that what security management is in charge of, and how accident prevention is prevented is like fighting. The first thing to know is where the enemy is – identifying the danger, secondly assessing the danger, again classifying, classifying the management, monitoring and combating the danger, and finally the emergency rescue plan.
Wu Zongzhi is particularly worried about the current status of China's security prevention. He puts forward a hypothesis that anyone who is security is extremely reluctant to do: If the 1995 Hanshin Earthquake occurred in China, how much casualties would it cause? Japan's death toll is too low for the security community to call it 'classic'. This is mainly due to the fact that Japan has long established a social security system.
'Our light coal mines have arrears of 50.5 billion yuan. There are still many debts owed to fire and earthquakes. Once a fire breaks out, fire engines, fire fighting water, and building alarm systems cannot keep up, let alone public awareness of peace. Training and other in-depth issues. 'Wu Zongzhi said.
'Safety production is related to social stability and harmony, and it is related to the people-oriented governance concept. When Li Yizhong proclaimed his new policy on security, some security experts, including Lu Zongzhi, were particularly uplifted. 'Whether safe production can be included in sustainable development? We have all called for it for 10 years.'
'I personally have no intention of causing a storm of safety supervision, but it is inevitable that more supervision will be carried out... In the future, safety production will deny mutual recognition and increase safety accountability. This may offend some people, offend some places and offend some of them. Department, but the number of casualties is reduced, which is the most important. On April 5, when Li Yizhong spoke about this statement at the news conference of the State Council Information Office, his identity was already made up of Secretary of the Party Committee of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and deputy director, and he was the first director of the State Administration of Work Safety of China.
Behind this major adjustment is the frequent occurrence of various mine disasters, air disasters and public crisis accidents in recent years. Only within four months before Li Yizhong took office, there were three consecutive major mine disasters in the country. The locations were in Zhengzhou Daping, Chenjiashan, Tongchuan and Fuxin Sunjiawan. The death toll also soared, with 147 people and 166 people respectively. 214 people. A plane crash took place on November 21 last year. 55 people were buried in Baotou.
On the one hand, it is the rapid development of China's economy. On the other hand, industrial production has experienced rapid increases in production accidents and the number of casualties under the pressure of rapid economic growth. Even the media has begun to use 'blooded GDP' to condemn this situation. Pressure from the safety production supervision department has increased dramatically.
Liu Tiemin, president of the China Institute of Safety Production Sciences, analyzed and studied the data on the number of deaths caused by work accidents in New China over the past 50 years, and the national economic growth rate over the same period. He concluded that the death index of industrial accidents and GDP are increasing at the same time.
He analyzed the correlation and linear regression between the economic growth rate and the death toll from work-related accidents, and obtained a 'death elasticity coefficient': When China's GDP growth rate is greater than 5%, every one percentage point increase, the death toll index This is followed by a 2.2% increase; when the GDP growth rate exceeds 7%, this synchronous growth trend is even more pronounced. He believes that determining the number of deaths at work injury is not the static aggregate of GDP, but its dynamic growth changes, or more precisely, the dynamic changes in energy demand that are affected by GDP and its mode of growth.
In fact, the experience of the developed countries also shows that the year with the highest peak of safety production accidents is precisely when the economy has the fastest development and the industrial development is heavy. For example, in Japan in the 1960s, more than 6,000 people died as a result of work-related accidents, and today only 1,800 people die each year. Before the end of World War II, coal production in the United States killed more than 2,000 people each year, but now it only kills about 30 people each year. The study also shows that when a country's GDP per capita is between 1,000 and 3,000 US dollars, it is a period of high safety production accidents. China is clearly at such a crossroads.
On February 23, the State Council specially convened the 81st executive meeting to upgrade the State Administration of Work Safety into the General Administration of Administration. Five days later, Li Yizhong was quickly appointed as director of the General Administration of Administration and became the 'firefighter' who took over the historic mission.
Li Yizhong 'Firefighting'
Li Yizhong was born in the oil industry and is no stranger to safe production. He once recalled: 'I used to work in a petrochemical company for a long time. This is a high-temperature, high-pressure, flammable, toxic, hazardous, continuous operation industry. For more than 30 years, I have also experienced some production accidents and also dealt with some accidents. When I was the director of the workshop and the factory manager, I personally carried the bodies of our employees and I was in a heavy burden to do the work of these families. '
In this regard, Cao Bingyan, Director of the former Safety Supervision Bureau of Sinopec Corp., gave an example to “Business Weekâ€. In 1987, Li Yizhong was transferred from the manager of Qilu Petrochemical to Deputy General Manager of Sinopec. At that time, the safety office was just a department under the production department. . After Li Yizhong focused on production, the Security Department was upgraded to the Safety Production Supervision Bureau and the production department was leveled.
In 1992, Sinopec streamlined the organization. Due to some disagreements, the Safety Supervision Bureau was once again brought back to the safety of five or six people. As a result, Sinopec suffered a series of safety accidents in succession. In the second year, Sinopec re-established the Safety Production Supervision Bureau. 'This Li Yizhong played a big role. Cao said.
Later, Li Yizhong, who was chairman of Sinopec, even raised safety production to a level where there is no safety without having everything. At the same time, he stressed that he is the top leader in safety. It is precisely based on this concept and practice that after Li Yizhong was promoted to the position of deputy director of the SASAC, he was responsible for the safety production of the central company.
However, for the new title given, Director of the State Administration of Work Safety, Li Yizhong still feels 'suddenly'. This has caused the outside world to have some associations with his transfer. Some people think that he had offended some of the central enterprises during the SASAC's 'hard style', and others thought that he might touch some high-level officials because he wanted to investigate the accounts of the central enterprises. 'nerve'. These are no longer validating. It is important that China's accident-prone, problem-prone safety production is at the helm of such a 'capable' company. After all, it is a blessing.
Before Li et al. made a momentary adjustment, the situation forced him to work in the front line. He was not applauded. Instead, it was just a gas explosion accident in Lixin Haizhou, Liaoning Province. 214 lives disappeared underground, becoming the largest accident in the coal mine industry in 45 years.
In the following month, Li Yizhong basically “fought†with gas: he implemented the seven measures of the State Council on gas control and organized a major coal mine safety inspection. During the period from February 23 to March 10, 21 inspection teams consisting of 105 workers were distributed to 20 coal-producing provinces and central coal companies. The results of the inspection were: The mines with major potential hazards were ordered to stop production for rectification at 8 sites; the 497 hidden dangers that were detected were all reported to the local government; 18 coal mines that had not undergone the “three simultaneous†inspections were ordered to suspend production. Notice of rectification; ordered production and rectification orders for 17 coal mines that have not yet been identified for gas dynamics.
Li Yizhong lived up to his expectations. After firing the first shot of gas, he took advantage of the opportunity of the Safety Production Supervision Administration to upgrade to the General Administration of Justice and launched a series of 'combination punches' on the difficulties of safety supervision.
Li Yizhong promised to repay all coal mine security debts within 3 years. According to statistics from the State Administration of Work Safety, state-owned coal mines currently have a security debt of up to 50.5 billion yuan. From a certain perspective, these security debts directly led to coal mine accidents. For this reason, increasing investment in safety has become one of the focal points of Li Yizhong’s administration.
He said that the State Administration of Work Safety is stepping up efforts to build a mechanism for joint investment by countries, localities, and enterprises. Apart from all the 3 billion government bond funds that the government has arranged for gas control this year, local governments will also invest capital in proportions. As the main body of security investment, the company will extract security costs based on the relevant provisions for the extraction and use of security costs.
Li Yizhong put another focus on increasing security accountability. At the press conference on April 5, Li Yizhong repeatedly stressed that the recent accidents were caused by mine owners ignoring state laws, ignoring government supervision, ignoring the lives of miners and illegally exploiting and illegally producing products. But at the same time, he admitted frankly that this has also revealed some problems such as the lack of sound safety supervision, lack of strict enforcement, and failure to implement the responsibility. He then stated that in the future work, 'will take a gesture of mutual recognition,' increase safety accountability, and reshape safety supervision authority.
Li Yizhong’s ambition is to gradually establish a safe, secure, and coordinated production safety supervision system with national supervision, departmental and local supervision, corporate responsibility, mass participation, and social support through hard work. For the State Administration of Work Safety, the position of the first director is to 'stand on top of the overall situation, perform the duties of national supervision and comprehensive supervision, and supervise the implementation of supervision responsibilities of local governments, industry authorities, and state-owned assets investors. Implement the responsibility of corporate security responsibility. He repeatedly stressed that the General Administration of Administration can not substitute for local government, can not replace the competent department of the industry, can not replace the institutional investor, and can not substitute for the enterprise, they must find the position of the General Administration of Industry.
It is at such a high level that Li Yizhong’s ideas of managing gas for a month or so, repaying security debts, and increasing responsibility for accountability have become increasingly clear. However, this is only a good beginning. The center of Li Yi knows that 'some people think that my work has become ineffective or overkill'. He stressed that as long as we work together, we will certainly be able to do a good job of safe production. .
Of course, the key to the problem is whether or not it can work together under the existing safety supervision system.
Ineffective law enforcement, 'fire prevention' change, 'flame'
China's safety supervision implements a hierarchical management. This type of management system enables the local government to form a superior-subordinate relationship with the local safety supervision bureau. The local safety supervision bureau is appointed by the local government. In response to this, many experts pointed out in an interview with Business Weekly: In this situation, when the conflict between security and economic production conflicts, local governments always pay more attention to economic efficiency, and security enforcement becomes The slogan and the 'castle in the air' in the file.
At the same time, after the restructuring of petroleum, chemical, and coal industries into corporatization operations in recent years, due to the balance of costs and benefits, the regulatory power of internal safety production has gradually weakened, and the mode of hierarchical management has also created a vacuum for local supervision. Over time, the supervisory authority appears to be 'weak' relative to the production department, and it is difficult to effectively supervise it.
As an example of a natural gas blowout accident in Kaixian County, Chongqing, which caused 234 deaths at the end of 2003, the officials of the Kaixian County Safety Supervision Department admitted to the media at that time that the China National Petroleum Corporation, which caused the accident, was a deputy ministerial-level enterprise. The unit cannot afford safety supervision. The county safety supervision bureau, as the competent authority of the local safety supervision work, did not even get an accident report from the mining department.
In response, Li Jiucheng, director of the Henan Provincial Safety Supervision Bureau, expressed his feelings about the difficulties of local safety supervision work: 'In the local state-level large enterprises, one of their office chiefs may be a very high administrative level and will not listen to you at all. 'Specifically, the safety supervision personnel inside the production company are hard to truly exercise their duties. The reporter encountered a specific case in the interview: In 2004, a workshop director of a company in northeast China illegally operated special equipment and was fined by the company's safety supervisors. As a result, the safety supervisor was subjected to the complications of the workshop director and allowed him to be laid off.
In fact, even before the State Administration of Work Safety was upgraded to the General Administration of State, its coordination with various ministries and commissions was rather weak. 'Industry ministries and commissions are all ministries' agencies, and safety supervision bureaus are only sub-ministerial units. An official of the Bureau of Policy and Regulations of the Bureau believes that the leveling of the State Administration of Work Safety and the central ministries and commissions and local provinces will be conducive to the coordination of the State Administration of Work Safety. However, he repeatedly emphasized to Business Week that it was not that the administrative level had gone up and that the implementation of the safety supervision work was in place.
In fact, since the establishment of the National Work Safety Supervision Bureau in 2001, the Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau has always been vertically managed. 'National supervision, local supervision, and corporate responsibility' are basic patterns that have long been established, but why do mine disasters occur frequently? Xue Hao, executive deputy director of the School of Public Administration at Tsinghua University and Mao Shoulong, director of the Department of Administration at Renmin University of China, all pointed out that, in the final analysis, security laws and regulations were not implemented. The core of safety reform should be the rule of law. Otherwise, if the system does not change but only the administrative upgrade, the mine disaster can not be contained. 'Xue Yu said.
Only on the website of the State Administration of Work Safety, 13 national security law-related reporters have been found, including the "Safety Production Act," "Fire Protection Law," "Mining Safety Law," and "Road Traffic Safety Law," and other administrative regulations. 36 Include the Regulations on Mine Safety Supervision, the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals, the Regulations on the Protection of Railway Transport Safety, the Regulations on Civil Aviation Safety and Security, and the Provisions of the State Council on Administrative Accountability of Extraordinarily Serious Accidents, etc. Various departmental regulations and local regulations are numerous. The various security incidents that have been frequent for many years show that these laws and regulations are almost useless.
In an interview with Businessweek, officials from the State Administration of Work Safety Policy and Regulations acknowledged that the existing laws and regulations are sound, such as coal mine safety, the "Coal Law", the "Coal Mine Safety Regulations," and the "Coal Safety Regulations." And so on, 'These regulations are very detailed. If we can do it according to the procedures, there will be not so many accidents.'
However, whether a coal mine can be implemented according to the regulations and whether a section can be implemented does not have much to do with the regulation itself. This is China's current most typical 'legal system, can not be ruled'. The diversification of economic interests brought about by market-oriented reforms has eliminated the powerful administrative authority of the past. However, institutional authority has not yet been established. It is up to you to determine how many parts of the law you have, and how many times you have to hold meetings and how many times you conduct inspections. It is impossible to resist the most direct stimulation of economic interests for desire.
In fact, the resolution of security incidents is a systematic project. It not only requires administrative enhancement of authority, but also needs to be strengthened from various perspectives of law enforcement capabilities, economic incentives, and technological innovation. Qian Pingfan of the Ministry of Industry and Economic Affairs of the Development Research Center of the State Council, taking the American experience as an example, explained to reporters the principle of 'fire prevention' rather than 'flaming': First, safety supervision agencies have independent enforcement powers, and safety guards have the power to order coal mines. Discontinue production, even if the level of safety guards is much lower than that of government or corporate executives; secondly, the amount of fines paid by the business owner in advance and afterwards is higher than the amount he should have spent on safety production; and thirdly, it is technically continuous. progress. The resulting effect is that the death rate per million tons of coal in the United States is only 1% of that in China.
Expert governance line
'The security industry technology is a very technical industry and business, if you do not understand the inspection will be in the form. Li Yizhong, who has years of experience in petrochemical safety management, frankly stated that once he went to the SASAC to supervise the airlines, he was led by him to see the maintenance of the aircraft and to see the operation chart of the dispatch room, but he only knew that people had these things. Can't pick the fault. 'This kind of inspection is more like a visit than an inspection. Therefore, after taking office, Li Yizhong used 'Technology and Security' as an important part of the new security policy. He advocated that experts conduct safety inspections and take the 'expert governance' route.
For this reason, in more than one month of his appointment, Li Yizhong had rushed to the China Academy of Safety Production to inspect the work, and he repeatedly emphasized that the CASS should do a good job of 'technical support' for the State Administration of Work Safety. At that time, the Chinese Academy of Safety Production Science, which was the beginning of the word “Chinaâ€, was formally established on January 18, 2005. The previous name was also the Safety Science and Technology Research Center of the State Bureau of Safety Production Supervision.
Wu Zongzhi, the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in an interview with Business Weekly: 'The fact that the CASS was able to be listed is one of the results that the central government attaches great importance to safety production. Its goal is very clear. It is to pass safety science. Technology promotes and ensures safe production, preventing and controlling the occurrence of casualties. '
Wu Zongzhi said that the establishment of the CASS is not just a matter of changing the name. As the state-level Academy of Sciences is increasing some basic and critical research. For this reason, the number of personnel approved by the State for the CAS has been increased from the original 128 to 178. In the description of Wu Zongzhi, the original research room of the Anker Academy was upgraded to a research institute and the public safety research institute was added. Finally, the layout of the '666' will be formed from the institution's establishment—6 institutes and 6 centers. , 6 functional departments. The reporter learned that the scope of the expansion plan of the CASS is even larger than that of the State Administration of Work Safety.
Wu Zongzhi, who is the vice president of the Academy of Sciences, is also an academic leader in the prevention of major accidents in China. He has been doing a good job in this industry for 16 years. He also compiled the first textbook on emergency rescue plans in China. In his view, 'security is relative, danger is absolute, and accidents can be prevented'.
He thinks that what security management is in charge of, and how accident prevention is prevented is like fighting. The first thing to know is where the enemy is – identifying the danger, secondly assessing the danger, again classifying, classifying the management, monitoring and combating the danger, and finally the emergency rescue plan.
Wu Zongzhi is particularly worried about the current status of China's security prevention. He puts forward a hypothesis that anyone who is security is extremely reluctant to do: If the 1995 Hanshin Earthquake occurred in China, how much casualties would it cause? Japan's death toll is too low for the security community to call it 'classic'. This is mainly due to the fact that Japan has long established a social security system.
'Our light coal mines have arrears of 50.5 billion yuan. There are still many debts owed to fire and earthquakes. Once a fire breaks out, fire engines, fire fighting water, and building alarm systems cannot keep up, let alone public awareness of peace. Training and other in-depth issues. 'Wu Zongzhi said.
'Safety production is related to social stability and harmony, and it is related to the people-oriented governance concept. When Li Yizhong proclaimed his new policy on security, some security experts, including Lu Zongzhi, were particularly uplifted. 'Whether safe production can be included in sustainable development? We have all called for it for 10 years.'
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