With the development of aerospace modernization machinery industry, aerospace industry, chemical industry and electronic industry, there are various high-level requirements for the performance of product parts and materials. For example: high temperature resistance, high stress resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high conductivity and so on. The types used are more and more extensive, such as: ordinary carbon structural steels, high-strength steels, ultrahigh-strength alloy structural steels, high manganese steels, and stainless steels; and ferrous metals, titanium alloys, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, and Other non-ferrous metals and so on.
The characteristics of the new engineering material can generally increase the cutting force in the cutting process, increase the cutting temperature, and reduce the tool life; sometimes the quality of the processed surface is deteriorated and the chips are difficult to control; finally, the processing efficiency and processing quality are achieved. reduce. It is very difficult to process. Mainly reflected in the following characteristics of the new engineering materials: 1, high hardness; 2, high strength; 3, high plasticity and high toughness; 4, low plasticity and high brittleness; 5, low thermal conductivity; 6, there are microscopic hard spots Or hard inclusions; 7, lively chemical properties.
Characteristics of high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels: Structural steels with tempered σs> 1 000 MPa or σb> 1 100 MPa are called high-strength steels. Structural steels with σs>1 200 MPa or σb>1 500 MPa after quenching and tempering are called ultra-high strength steels. In this kind of steel, where the carbon content is between 0.30% and 0.50%, and the total amount of alloying elements does not exceed 6%, it is a low-alloy high-strength, ultra-high-strength steel that is used most in production.
Compared with ordinary carbon structural steels, high-strength, ultra-high-strength steels have higher hardness and strength (about 1 or more times higher than 45 steels). The impact value is larger and the thermal conductivity is lower, so the cutting force is higher. Larger, higher cutting temperature. When processing high-strength, ultra-high-strength steels, the same tool materials as ordinary carbon steels can be selected.
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