(1) Technical conditions for mining. Permian ore produced in the bottom of the longtan clay shale, manganese single shallow sedimentary deposits. There are many faults in the ore body that are interrupted by 3 to 10 m. The small folds accompanying the faults cause the ore body to undulate and have a great impact on the mining. The joints are more developed. The main ore body is layered and produces a layered shape, and the ore body inclination angle is generally 10° to 25°. The burial depth of the ore body is 200m, the deep part is the primary manganese carbonate ore, the shallow part is manganese oxide ore, the physical and mechanical properties of the ore and surrounding rock are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Physical and mechanical properties of ore
project | Old top limestone | Direct roof siliceous limestone, clay, coal layer | Manganese oxide ore | Primary manganese ore, manganese carbonate ore |
Platts firmness factor (f) Weight (t/m 3 ) Fragmentation coefficient Stability Thickness (m) | 7~8 2.8~3.0 1.5 stable 2.16 | 2~5 1.7~1.8 1.4 Unstable 0.6~1.1 | 4~6 2.3 1.5 More stable 0.6~1.1 | 5~8 3.05 1.5 More stable 0.5~3 average 1.13 |
(2) Acquisition and cutting. The short-walled single-layer caving method adopted by the mine has two kinds of recovery schemes along the ore body and along the ore body. [next]
The length of the nuggets of the mining plan along the ore body (see Figure 1) is 50-60m. 5 to 10m from the bottom of the ore body to transport the roadway outside the tunnel, from the roadway at the two ends of the ore block to the pit to the ore body, the height of the patio is about 5 ~ 10m. The tunnel is being drilled up the mountain, and the section roadway is excavated every 10 to 15 m along the mountain. In the middle of the section roadway, dig a small mountain up to 2.0~2.5m wide for mining.
Figure 1 Short-wall caving method along the ore body
1-segment roadway; 2-mineralization well; 3-valanche zone; 4-uphill
The length of the nugget of the mining plan along the inclined body of the ore body (see Figure 2) is 12 to 16 m. Dig the patio and up the mountain from the extra-vehicle transportation lane in the middle of the nugget.
Figure 2 Short-walled caving method along the inclined direction of the ore body
1-Launder roadway; 2-uphill; 3-wood shed; 4-mineralization well [next]
(3) Recovery. Falling mine. In the manganese oxide ore layer, the 03-11 type wind-falling ore is used. The manganese carbonate or manganese manganese ore is rock drilled with a light rock drill with a hole depth of 1 to 2 m and a hole diameter of 40 mm. With 2 # rock ammonium nitrate explosives, detonators fire # 8 blasting off mine.
The yard is transported. The sectioned alleys are manually transported to the upper mountain pass, and the small winch installed in the upper mountain is then placed on the patio opening and manually dumped into the patio.
Roof management. Generally, an incomplete shed with one beam and two columns is used, and the shed distance is 0.8 to 1.1 m. When the old roadway or the bottom plate is not stable, a complete shed is required; sometimes, in order to ensure the passage or handle the roof, a raft can be erected to support the roof.
Put the top. Before the topping, the wooden shed at the section of the roadway should be reinforced, the only safety port should be kept, and then the shed leg should be encrypted at the second or third row of wooden sheds on the working surface as the cut-off bracket. The topping parameters are: the hangover distance is 7.8m, the topping distance is 6.5m, and the topping distance is 1.3m. With manual return to the column, the recovery rate of the wood column is 70-80%.
Ventilation in the stope. The patio, the uphill to the stope are all single lanes, and the ventilation is difficult. Generally, 4.5, 10, 11kw axial flow local fan fans are used to enhance ventilation.
Labor organization and staffing. The mining, supporting, and mining operations are compiled into a comprehensive task force with a total of 24 to 30 people.
(4) Technical and economic indicators are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Technical and economic indicators
project | Nugget production capacity (ton / team · day) | Mining labor productivity (ton / work · class) | Thousand tons of cutting ratio (m/kt) | Ore recovery rate% | Ore depletion rate% | Explosive consumption (kg/t) | Pit wood consumption (m 3 /kt) | Raw ore cost yuan / ton |
Along the way forward Downward propulsion scheme | 50~60 50~60 | 2.23 2.16 | 69.71 47.1 | 85.8 90.8 | 6 8 | 0.268 0.264 | 30.4 23.5 | 38.54 42.67 |
Note: The cost of raw ore includes workshop management fees.
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