Tesla electric vehicles are typical representatives of ternary material battery applications, and whether safety can be broken has been questioned. Although the Tesla electric car has a large cruising range, the large battery capacity means a low safety factor. “The cruising range of electric vehicles is 400 kilometers.†On August 21, 2016, Dong Yang, executive vice president of China Automobile Industry Association, participated in the Forum of Electric Vehicles and 100 People.
Domestically, there are always disputes about the power battery, the lithium iron phosphate battery and the ternary material battery route. The core of the debate is actually to put the cruising range or safety first, or whether there is a better combination of the two. "There is a lot of debate on how to choose the electric vehicle technology route, but it depends on the market development and demand." Dong Yang said.
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, since 2009, there have been 31 cases of new energy vehicle safety accidents in China, including 17 cases since 2015. Of the 17 accidents, 4 were battery system accidents and 6 were related parts accidents. Two of them were caused by defects in the charging system, and of course five were caused by illegal modification or improper use. As of the end of 2015, the accident rate reached 0.17‰, more than double the world average.
Kirk, deputy dean of Chaowei Group Research Institute, said: "Tesla uses Panasonic lithium batteries. Many people in the industry basically recognize the benchmark of their batteries. However, the Chinese market is different from other countries. In order to reduce initial costs in China, try to reduce the initial cost. Using smaller batteries and over-consumption of battery life, the Chinese market is the most challenging market for power battery companies."
Battery management system standards will be introduced
In China's battery system, lithium iron phosphate is relatively safe, but the energy density is low. In recent years, it has been gradually replaced by high energy density ternary material batteries. However, the safety of ternary material batteries is yet to be tested.
According to the test organization data, in the existing power battery system, the risk of single battery is widespread, and the low risks include leakage, deformation, exhaust, and high risks including sparks and explosions. If the single cell is out of control, the ternary material battery is more prone to sparking than the lithium iron phosphate material.
The safety of ternary material batteries is not unsolved. Chen Liquan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said: "The lack of flammable liquid electrolyte in solid-state batteries can greatly improve the safety of batteries. This is the only opportunity for lithium batteries in China. If this opportunity is missed, we will study lithium-sulfur batteries and lithium-ion batteries. It also loses opportunities."
At present, there are more than 4,000 electric cars produced by Bellello, France. The batteries are lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode, lithium metal as the negative electrode, and the polymer solid battery in the middle, called PEO. However, as early as 2014, China has already promoted relevant research work and has not made breakthrough progress.
Chen Liquan said: "It is recommended to vigorously support the research, development and industrialization of solid-state batteries. I hope to achieve industrialization within five years."
Battery cells are one of the factors affecting the safety of electric vehicles. The other is the battery system. Due to the lack of rationality in its overall design, there is no unified planning for the design space of each component, resulting in an increased risk probability of accidents.
According to the investigation by relevant agencies, the top 10 manufacturers in the field of new energy component systems in China do not have uniform standards and requirements for the gap between the template of the battery and the battery pack, and high-voltage electrical components such as connectors and cables, and There is also a lack of reasonable and unified planning for the overall system security protection of motor controllers.
Li Dong, Director of the Equipment Industry Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said: "The state has already established a remote monitoring standard for electric vehicles, and the safety conditions for electric buses will be released soon. The battery management system technical conditions, power battery coding, size and other standards It is being compiled, revised, and released as soon as possible. At the same time, it is organizing the revision of new energy vehicle manufacturing enterprises and product access rules, and plans to significantly improve the company's research and development capabilities and production conditions, and improve performance and safety requirements."
More routes and more insurance?
Public transportation systems and new energy buses have always been important entry points for the government to promote new energy vehicle products. By the end of 2015, the number of new energy public transport vehicles reached 86,000, a year-on-year increase of 136%, including 36,000 pure electric vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 3.9%. There were more than 7,000 pure electric taxis nationwide, a year-on-year increase of 72%. Big. Among them, lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium batteries are the main battery routes.
On January 14th, 2016, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the “Recommended Models for Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehiclesâ€. Among them, there are no ternary electric commercial buses. The models that have not entered the Catalogue will not be able to enjoy government subsidies and the policy of exemption from taxation. Offer. Some insiders analyzed that this has a great impact on the enthusiasm of the car factory.
The development of high energy density power battery systems has become an international mainstream trend. According to statistics, ternary material batteries currently account for more than 80% of the global lithium-ion battery market, and high energy density is one of the core technical indicators of China's "13th Five-Year Plan" power battery. This is also the inevitable result of the current industrialized electric vehicle cruising range, which still does not meet the market demand.
In this regard, Kirk said: "We are using a number of technical routes in parallel, which includes the material system, including the product specifications and models."
On the basis of ensuring safety, improving the cruising range is the core pursuit goal of the power battery. Zheng Shixiong, deputy director of Samsung SDI Co., Ltd., said that Samsung SDI is developing a new generation of core courses to meet the 800km cruising range by exploring potential new generation materials.
In fact, including South Korea's Samsung SDI and LG and other power battery manufacturers, is taking the ternary material battery route. However, this does not mean that the future will be dominated by ternary lithium batteries. The battery industry has always been a generation of material technology. The entire industry has not stopped mining new materials and technologies, higher energy density and Safer performance is always the two major propositions that companies are trying to balance.
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