Common titanium minerals iron ore containing titanium, rutile, perovskite, and sphene. Their floatability is as follows.
Both ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) and rutile (TiO 2 ) can float with carboxylic acid and amine collectors . However, when carboxylic acid is used for collection, the gangue mineral is not easy to float, so the carboxylic acid is used more. Specific agents commonly used in the industry are oleic acid, tal oil and naphthenic acid and soaps thereof. Oil and coal used as an auxiliary collector. Prior to flotation of ilmenite and rutile, the mineral surface is first washed with sulfuric acid to increase their floatability and reduce the amount of collector.
When illuminating ilmenite and rutile with carboxylic acid, PH=6~8, both minerals float better. In an acidic medium with a pH of <5, oleic acid adsorbed on the surface of ilmenite is easily eluted, and the floatability of ilmenite is significantly decreased after washing.
Sodium fluorosilicate and sodium fluoride can prevent the fixation of tridecanoic acid and sodium oleate on the surface of ilmenite, reduce their fixation on the surface of ilmenite, and thus inhibit ilmenite, sodium silicate for ilmenite There is also a certain inhibition.
The recovery rate of ilmenite flotation is related to the flocculation and dispersion state of the ore particles during adjustment. If the relationship between the net power consumption of the adjustment slot drive shaft and the adjustment time is made, the adjustment time can be divided into five stages according to the power consumption, that is, the induction stage, the flocculation stage, the flocculation peak stage, the flocculation destruction stage, and the dispersion stage. As shown in Figure 1. The relationship between recovery rate and concentrate grade at each stage is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 1 Relationship between net power consumption and adjustment time
1—induction stage; 2—flocculation stage; 3—flocculation peak stage;
4—Flocculation failure stage; 5—Dispersion stage
Figure 2 Relationship between recovery rate and grade of ilmenite
2—flocculation stage; 3—flocculation peak stage;
4—flocculation failure stage; 5—dispersion stage [next]
It can be seen from the figure that when the slurry begins to flocculate (flocculation stage), the net power consumption, ilmenite recovery rate and gangue recovery rate increase; reaching the peak of flocculation, the slurry is fully flocculated, net power consumption, Qin iron mine recovery rate and pulse The stone recovery rate has reached the peak; when the flocculation failure stage is reached, the recovery rate of ilmenite remains unchanged, the concentrate grade increases, the net power consumption and the degree of flocculation decrease; when the dispersion stage is reached, the concentrate grade decreases and the recovery rate is the smallest.
Increasing the temperature of the slurry, the hydrophobicity of the collector film increases, the recovery of ilmenite increases and the concentrate grade decreases. Aeration has a significant effect on titanium and zirconium minerals. When the air is filled for 60~120s, the recovery rate of rutile and ilmenite increases and the recovery rate of zircon decreases. If only nitrogen is charged, the two titanium minerals are inhibited and the zircon can float as usual.
Perovskite (CaTiO 3 ) can be treated with sulfuric acid first, rinsed with oleic acid or other fatty acids. Soda water glass and it can be suppressed, and chromate and dichromate can activate it. When there are many calcite in the ore, the acid consumption of pickling will increase. In order to reduce the amount of acid, the calcite can be floated before the floating perovskite.
Vermiculite CaTiSiO 5 can be recovered by kerosene-emulsified oleic acid and can be inhibited by water glass. Its floatability difference compared with other titanium-containing minerals, worse than apatite mineral alkaline earth metal salts, if multiple associated apatite can first float apatite.
A method and examples of titanium-zirconium ore
The method of selecting titanium-zirconium ore is often associated with ilmenite, rutile and zircon, and the density is between 4.0 and 4.7 g/cm 3 . When they are sorted by re-election, they enter the heavy sand at the same time. Their floatability is also very close, and when they are floated with emulsified oleic acid, they enter the mixed concentrate at the same time. In principle, their mixed concentrates have two separation methods:
(1) The ilmenite is first separated by magnetic separation (magnetic separation can also be placed after flotation), and the non-magnetic part is inhibited by sodium fluorosilicate, and the emulsified oleic acid is used at pH=3.8~4.6. Flotation rutile in the medium.
(2) The rutile is inhibited with sulfuric acid, and the zircon is floated with an emulsified oleic acid or a cationic collector.
B A sample of titanium zirconium ore flotation
Mine ore deposit quartz sand, 80% to 95% of the ilmenite and rutile less than 0.15mm, 100% of cristobalite lead less than 0.15mm. First select them with a shaker to get their mixed concentrate. The shaker concentrate is then processed as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Titanium-zirconium shaker concentrate separation process
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