The general trend of open-pit mine technology development at home and abroad is the large-scale mining scale, continuous production, and modern equipment. The research and development of intelligent mines is the development direction of open-pit mine science and technology progress, and mining technology is developing towards hydraulicization, linkage and automation.
1 Large-scale mining of cement raw materials
To build large mines, large-scale equipment can be used to increase labor production and reduce ore mining costs. With the production of pre-calcining kiln clinker production line of 5000-10000t/d, a large number of large-scale mines with an annual output of 100-500 million tons of ore have emerged, and the annual output of 50-100 million tons of ore is already a medium-sized mine. At present, ultra-large mines with annual ore production of >5 million tons have begun to appear.
2 Use large, efficient and durable mining process equipment
On the basis of large-scale mining equipment, cement mines are developing in the direction of energy-saving, automation and standardization. Ferrous and nonferrous metals to improve the recovery mine strength, improving equipment utilization efficiency, generally continuous duty.
2.1 Drilling equipment
Cement mines should eliminate low-pressure submersible drilling rigs with low drilling speed and difficult slagging; eliminate low-pressure fixed-type air compressors with long air supply, high energy consumption and low efficiency.
Medium and high pressure submersible drilling rigs and full hydraulic surface drilling rigs will be the main rigs for cement mines in the future. The fixed low wind pressure (0.5-0.7Mpa) air compressor is being phased out. The cutting rotary drilling machine that only adapts to the rock piercing of the medium and hard and the hard and extremely hard cone drilling machine will gradually fade out of the cement mine market.
2.1.1 Medium and high air pressure open-air DTH drilling rig
The rig uses the compressed air of moderate pressure (1.O~1.4MPa) and high wind pressure (1.7-2.4MPa) as the power. The compressed air directly drives the impactor and the drill to select the drilling operation. The drilling tool uses a hydraulic motor. The carriage is lifted and applied with hydraulic cylinder support. At present, some mines at home and abroad use separate rigs and compressors, but integrated rigs, namely rigs, diesel air-cooled air compressors and diesel hydraulic pump units, are the development direction of rig configuration.
2.1.2 Full hydraulic surface drilling rig
The rig's automatic rock drilling system maintains the maximum rock drilling efficiency through the bottom of the hole. By automatically adjusting the impact force, propulsion, rotation and double damper device, it constantly adapts to changes in different rock layers and lithologies, thereby improving rock drilling performance and reducing Energy consumption and long life of the drill, the rock energy is fully transmitted, and the reflected shock wave in the drilling is minimized.
The fully hydraulic surface drilling rig uses a high-displacement air compressor to increase the amount of dust exhausted, and to separate the dust particles of the rock as soon as possible, thereby increasing the drilling speed and reducing the wear of the drill bit. The use of high displacement air compressors also increases the bore diameter.
2.2 loading equipment
Hydraulic excavators are further promoted in cement mines and will dominate the shovel equipment.
Compared with mechanical excavators, hydraulic excavators are light in weight, and the three-dimensional freedom gives the hydraulic excavator a flexible and flexible excavation on steep slopes for easy mining.
For cement mine loading equipment, 4~8m3 hydraulic excavators and 30~60t mine vehicles should be used.
3 Take the green mining roads with the development and utilization of mineral resources and the coordinated development of geological and ecological environment, and establish a mining technology system with low ecological damage to achieve no waste, no waste, zero emissions.
Some foreign mines pay attention to the preservation of natural landscapes. In mining, they adhere to the principles of low energy consumption, short process, high efficiency, no waste, and less pollution, and maintain the harmony of the landscape around the mining area.
Jiaxin Jingyang Cement Co., Ltd. limestone mine, for mining exposed areas, filling the land, planting native plants according to local conditions, introducing drought-tolerant, barren-resistant white grass seeds and local ants and grasses with good soil and water conservation, widely planted , grass and wood, three-dimensional green, lush foliage.
4 Mine production continues to melt into new technologies
Optimize mine production and increase the proportion of high-tech in the mining process. Application of automatic control technology, electronic information technology, network technology, improve the technical efficiency of equipment as a whole, improve the level of comprehensive automation in the production process, improve the degree of production information, realize intelligent control, continuous production process automation, management information and systematization .
Intelligent digital mines are the concentrated performance of information technology in mine applications. With the computer and its network as the means, the three-dimensional space and attribute data of the mine are digitally stored, transmitted, expressed and processed, and an all-round production management system is established. With the development of “digital mineâ€, mining has begun to enter the era of intelligent control.
5 Ways of development, diversification of mining processes
The mining sequence is developed from a single longitudinal arrangement to a horizontal arrangement, and enhanced mining is carried out to increase the speed of the working line and create conditions for the equalization of the ore. Combined steps, staged mining, and steep mining are used to balance the production and stripping ratio.
6 The use of automotive one-belt semi-continuous transportation system is an efficient transportation technology developed in recent years.
The system gives full play to the advantages of strong transportation, flexible and short-distance transportation economy, which is conducive to intensified mining. At the same time, it shows the advantages of belt conveyor, large capacity, strong climbing ability and low operating cost. Complementary advantages. Shougang iron ore, from 1998 to 2003, the car along the transport cost of 0.65 yuan / t? Km, only a single automobile transportation costs 1.35 yuan / t? 48% Km of 15 years, the economic benefits of 1.6 billion yuan revenue .
Part cement mines are open or about to enter the recess mining, semi-mobile crushers automobiles half a semi-mobile crusher belt conveyor process is a continuous mining system effective mining processes.
7 Mine assisted mechanical machine
At present, mine auxiliary operations are not matched and the degree of mechanization is low, which is a weak link in mine production. With the expansion of mining scale, in order to ensure the normal operation of the main engine and improve the efficiency of the equipment, it is necessary to improve the level of mine auxiliary operations. In the cleaning work platform, the inclusion of the stone in the ore body, the preparation of the shovel-mounted work surface, the maintenance of the transport road, the slope finishing, the large secondary crushing, the blasthole charge and the blasthole filling work, The front-end loaders, bulldozers, flat road machines, road rollers, sprinklers, loading vehicles, blasthole filling machines and other auxiliary mining machinery improve the efficiency of mining equipment as a whole.
8 Milling machine mining is a promising mining method
The use of milling machines (also known as mechanical plows) mining, instead of the traditional perforated blasting mining method, has the following advantages:
(1) No blasting earthquake, air shock wave, flying stone and other hazards;
(2) Expanding the mining boundary without being restricted by the blasting safety realm;
(3) Continuous operation, free from blasting interference;
(4) The required work site is relatively small;
(5) According to different grades of ore and ore, it can be separated and transported, which can effectively remove harmful interlayers.
(6) Mining costs can be reduced by 20 to 50%;
(7) It is possible to adjust the mining granularity without coarse crushing, which is beneficial to long-distance transportation of belt conveyors.
Milling machine mining, integrating mining, loading and crushing, effectively simplifying the production process, working platform, smooth roads, reducing tire consumption, planing ore size can be controlled at 30 ~ 80mm, can be produced according to needs The ore of 30mm particle size creates conditions for vibrational ore discharge, shaft slip ore, and buffered mine wear.
The milling and mining method fundamentally guarantees the safety of the mine slope, thereby increasing the safety angle of the slope, increasing the amount of mining, and reducing the amount of slope engineering and maintenance.
Wirtgen table mining machine in Wirtgen, Germany, in the Serbia limestone mine in Yugoslavia, using SM-2600, cutting (milling), crushing charge once, the average uniaxial compressive strength of ore is 25MPa, the output is 600t/h, about 90% The particle size is <16 mm and the maximum particle size is 150 mm.
The limestone mine in Newlinken, France, the United States, India, Brazil, and Mexico have achieved certain results by using surface mining machines to extract limestone.
The Wirtgen table mining machine simultaneously breaks the ore while cutting the ore. According to the particle size requirements, different cutting tools and cutting rotors can be selected to clean and level the stable working surface, and create the best conditions for the smooth running of the loader.
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