GE Global R & D Center is testing a desk-sized turbine that is said to power towns with about 10,000 homes. Scientists say the turbine is driven by "supercritical carbon dioxide." The so-called supercritical carbon dioxide refers to the high temperature (up to 700 degrees Celsius) carbon dioxide under very high pressure, when the carbon dioxide is neither liquid nor gaseous. When the carbon dioxide through the turbine will be cooled, then warm again refueling, and repeat the previous process.
The compact size of this turbine and the ability to start and shut down quickly make it well suited for grid storage. Compared to a steam turbine with comparable output, it is only about one-tenth the size and electrothermal conversion efficiencies can be as high as 50%. The steam-based system electrothermal conversion efficiency is usually about 40%. The former is more efficient mainly because of its better heat transfer performance and because of the use of supercritical carbon dioxide, reducing the need for compression compared to conventional steam systems. GE is currently developing this prototype is 10 MW, but the company hopes to eventually be able to expand it to 33 MW.
It is worth mentioning that the R & D team used 3D printing technology in developing the functional prototype of this turbine. The final prototype of this feature is about 150 pounds, it sounds heavy, in fact, compared with similar devices is already very light.
It is understood that, in addition to more efficient, the technology is also more flexible - in the case of grid storage, whether solar energy, nuclear energy or combustion can drive this process, but these energy first through the molten salt storage Get up and use it again.
Although such a heat source can also be used to drive steam turbines through boiled water, a typical steam system can take up to 30 minutes to start and a carbon dioxide turbine can be started in just one or two minutes - making it ideal for Demand peak demand to meet on-site power generation needs.
In addition, GE's system may also be superior to a huge battery array. Instead of adding additional mega-battery arrays, increasing the capacity of the system or extending its run time simply requires adding molten salt to the heat storage. "The most important point is economics," said Doug Hofer, GE's engineer in charge of the project. "At this point, we think the system is more economical than batteries."
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