MIT has developed a new type of material that can turn water into steam in the sun. A layer of graphite sheet and associated carbon foam form a porous insulating structure that floats on the surface of the water. When sunlight shines on the surface of the structure, it forms a hot spot on the graphite to turn the water into water vapor, which is volatilized through the pores of the material. The new material can use 85% of the solar energy for evaporation, which significantly improves solar powered steam generation. More importantly, there is little heat lost during this process and steam can be produced at relatively low solar intensity.
Dr. Hardy Kasimi, a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said: “Steam is used for seawater desalination. Sanitary systems and sterilization are very important, especially in remote areas where the sun is the only source of energy. If you can use Solar energy produces steam, which will be very useful.†Today, solar steam power generation involves focusing light through mirrors or lenses, and the research being done on how to increase solar thermal heat collection with nanofluids requires high-intensity solar energy. This method requires only ten times as much solar energy as ordinary sunny days, and the lowest optical density to date. "This has great advantages in reducing costs," said Kasimi.
Steam will naturally develop on the surface of the liquid, and it is only necessary to find materials that can effectively absorb solar energy and produce accelerated steam. After several tests, they determined a double thin disk structure. The top layer was obtained from graphite, and the researchers processed the stripped material in a microwave oven to form a flake graphite foam. The bottom layer of the structure is a carbon foam to keep it afloat and act as an insulator while preventing heat from being released to the bottom liquid. The pores of the foam are very small, allowing the water to contact the graphite sheet upwards by capillary action. Casimir said that if there is new material, the structure may convert solar energy more efficiently.
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