Phosphorus ore flotation method is to choose another effective method selected one minute, flotation reagents play a decisive role in the flotation beneficiation of technical indicators process. Therefore, a large amount of research work is focused on finding flotation agents with good selectivity, good performance and low cost in order to make better use of low-grade phosphate resources.
First, the collector
In the flotation of phosphate rock, phosphate and carbonate are recovered from fatty acid collectors such as oxidized paraffin soap and tar oil at home and abroad. Due to its poor selectivity, it has poor applicability to hard water and low temperature flotation. Since the 1980s, some effective phosphate rock collectors have been developed at home and abroad, such as cationic collectors and amphoteric collectors.
(a) cationic collector
Cationic collector after leaving the solution, to produce an amine having a hydrophobic hydrocarbon group, colored metal oxide ore, quartz, feldspar aluminosilicate effective collector. Since the 1980s, many researchers have reported the use of cationic collectors to capture apatite and anti-floatation. Studies have shown that cationic amine collectors have properties for siliceous, calcareous, and silicic phosphates. Sorting. Zeng Xiaobo used a cationic collector GE-609 to select a phosphate rock containing P 2 O 5 27.27%, MgO 2.25%, Fe 2 O 3 1.87%, and Al 2 O 3 3.11% in Yichang. The comprehensive concentrate P 2 O 5 grade reached 32.87%, and the impurity content was significantly reduced: MgO 0.93%, Fe 2 O 3 1.1%, and Al 2 O 3 1.45%.
(2) Amphiphilic collector
In recent years, amphiphilic collectors have made great progress in flotation of phosphate minerals. According to reports, Finland has successfully used the amphoteric collector alkyl-N-methylglycine, flotation of apatite from calcite , dolomite and mica , and the original ore of P2O54% and MgO 14.7%. A concentrate containing P 2 O 5 35.0% and MgO 1.6% was obtained, and the amount of the agent was 32.5 g/L.
Houot.R et al. studied various amphoteric collectors and found that such collectors were well selected. In general, only one collector was used during the sorting process. Compared with fatty acid collectors, it has strong adaptability, especially in siliceous minerals, because the removal process in the traditional double reverse flotation process is removed, and the process is simple. In addition, there are other novel collectors such as alkyl phosphate (salt), alkylamine propionic acid, alkylamine propylamine propionic acid, oxyethylene collectors and the like.
(3) Modified fatty acid collectors
Sulfation of fatty acids, water solubility, temperature resistance, capture and selectivity can be improved. For example, for the polyvinyl alkyl sulfate R(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n -O-SO 3 -M +n , other groups and isomerization are introduced. Some researchers have compared the isomers of C12-16, α-sulfonate carboxylic acid and Tal oil, and found that the former shows strong flotation activity and better adaptability to hard water and low temperature pulp. . Refined Tal oil is a mixture of fatty acid and rosin acid, which is the acidified product of the acid waste paper. The Soviet Union used LMR-25 (light Tar oil) to select apatite, which is better than ordinary chemicals, and generally can obtain more than 36% of high-quality phosphate concentrate.
(4) Mixed collector
The combination of phosphate rock collectors is characterized by the combination of fatty acids and their derivatives or other pharmaceutical agents. Lianyungang Chemical Design and Research Institute has many reports. Fatty acid is a classic collector for phosphate rock flotation. It is rarely used alone and is used in combination with neutral oil. In the early 1940s, India reported the composition of oleic acid and kerosene as phosphate rock flotation collectors, silicon-containing phosphate in the election, she won the high-quality phosphate concentrates.
It is reported that a combination of sodium oleate and ammonium oleate as phosphorus collector, containing from P 2 O 5 27.6% of the ore to obtain P 2 O 5 38.1%, 85.2% recovery of phosphorous concentrate. In addition, there are many reports on the combination of phosphate collectors, such as petroleum sulfonic acid and sodium oleate combination, fatty acid and hexafluorobutadiene combination, hydroxylamine and alkyl sulfonate combination, fatty acid and fractionation. Acid residue combination, Acritol FA-18 neutral oil combination, fatty acid and amine combination.
Second, the inhibitor
Separation of phosphate rock from calcite and dolomite is the main problem of phosphate ore dressing. Because they are the same type of salt minerals, they have similar physical and chemical properties, whether they are cationic collectors or anionic collectors, phosphate rock and white clouds. The floatability of the stones is very similar. Therefore, under the general pharmaceutical system, a good flotation index cannot be obtained without using an excellent inhibitor.
There are many researches on inhibitors at home and abroad, which can be divided into the following two categories.
(1) Inorganic acid inhibitors
The inorganic acid inhibitor is mainly phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, silicic acid, acid salt or the like. L. Xiao et al believe that alizarin red S is a potent inhibitor of dolomite in Florida phosphate rock when pH=9, because alizarin red S adsorbs more on dolomite than fine-grained apatite. Studies have shown that alizarin red S has a similar structure to S 808 developed in China. It inhibits apatite and dolomite respectively when sorting calcite system and apatite-calcite system. There are also reports using phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid as anti-flotation inhibitors.
(2) Organic acid plus metal salt combined inhibition
Incorporating inorganic metal salts (drilling, copper , iron , aluminum, lead , nickel heavy metal inorganic salts) with organic complexes such as oxalic acid and tartaric acid, the principle of using phosphate minerals to adsorb these metal salts stronger than carbonates, The surface of the phosphate mineral is positively charged and then complexed by the organic complex to exhibit hydrophilicity. It can be sorted under normal pH conditions (nearly neutral) using a general fatty acid collector.
There are many researches on inhibitors in China, especially inhibitors of carbonate minerals. In recent years, domestic new types of inhibitors mainly include: S series, BS-33, L-339, sodium nitro-humate. The performance of these agents has been validated in extended or small trials. Among them, S 808 is currently recognized as a better inhibitor and has been successfully used in the reverse flotation process of Wangji Phosphate Mine. However, the toxicity of the agent is too large, resulting in high cost and difficulty in wastewater treatment. Its substitute S 711 has been introduced and used in beneficiation production to obtain the beneficiation index similar to S 808 , and the wastewater treatment cost is also low.
BS-33 is made of papermaking waste liquid as the main raw material, and the price is low. The use of BS-33 instead of lignosulfonate can obtain similar indicators to the use of lignosulfonate alone. BS-33 has a degree of sulfonation of 16 to 12 and a pH of 11 to 12. Flotation Jinjiasha Phosphate Mine can obtain concentrate with P 2 O 5 29.51% and recovery rate of 85.41%, but its inhibition effect on dolomite is not as good as S 808 .
L-339 is prepared by reacting calcium lignin sulfonate, a by-product of acid method, with acid and decalcification, and reacting with formaldehyde and sodium sulfite adduct sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate. It is a potent inhibitor of magnesium-containing minerals, metamorphic deposition of calcium used in the flotation of rock phosphate ore, a high grade concentrate - high recovery.
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