China is advancing the accelerated development of autonomous driving and has issued a programmatic guidance document. The development of intelligent network-linked vehicles is not only an important means to solve the problems faced by the automobile society in terms of traffic safety, road congestion, energy consumption, and pollution emissions, but also a core element for constructing a smart industry-based service to serve a new type of industrial ecology. It has become a new era of automobile industry transformation and upgrading. Important breakthroughs and strategic heights of the global automotive industry's technological transformation.
In 2018, the development of China’s automatic driving has accelerated. Since the end of 2017, after Beijing took the lead in introducing China’s first road test regulations for self-driving cars, Baoding, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Changsha, Changchun, Pingtan, and Guangzhou successively issued auto-pilot drive test regulations, and these cities were also issued for automobile companies. The road test license. At present, Baidu, Tencent, FAW, Weilai Automobile, Geely, Dongfeng and other car companies are conducting drive tests in an orderly manner.
Comparing the auto-pilot drive test regulations issued in 9 cities, the road test regulations issued by Beijing are the most comprehensive, and the drive test management methods, rules, assessment contents and methods, and site technical requirements have all been issued. Guangzhou and Shenzhen are soliciting opinions on road test regulations and will soon be formally released. Shanghai, Changchun, and Pingtan introduced the road test management method, Chongqing and Changsha introduced the implementation rules for road test, and Baoding only issued guidance.
Combined with the national “Intelligent Networked Road Test Management Regulations (Trial)†policy, the policies released by 9 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, etc., are similar to each other, and clearly test and test vehicles, test subjects, test drivers, and test management. The basic requirements such as the test route, etc., put forward requirements for testing applications and audit procedures, traffic violations and accident handling.
In the following, the five major aspects of test vehicles, test subjects, test management, test routes, and management agencies will be compared.
First, the test subject
country
: The unit of the smart network road test application, organization test, and corresponding responsibility. An independent legal entity registered in the territory of the People's Republic of China.
Beijing
: Due to autopilot related scientific research and stereotypes tests, it is necessary to temporarily drive on the road and submit an independent legal entity registered in China to apply for road tests for autonomous driving vehicles.
Shanghai
: The unit of the smart network road test application, organization test, and corresponding responsibility.
Guangzhou
: As a result of intelligent network-linked automobile related tests, it is necessary to make temporary on-the-road driving, and put forward the application of intelligent network-linked vehicles to open road test applications, organize tests, and assume corresponding responsibilities for independent legal entities registered in China.
Shenzhen
: Legal entities registered in China to carry out scientific research and stereotyped tests on motor vehicle intelligent driving on the open test road in Shenzhen.
Chongqing
: Vehicle manufacturers, refitted car manufacturers, parts and components companies, electronic information companies, research institutes/colleges, transportation companies, and other technology-based companies with autonomous driving technology and product development or production capabilities.
Changsha
: Enterprises, research institutes/colleges, and other legal person organizations that put forward intelligent network-linked automotive test applications, actually carry out test work, and bear corresponding responsibilities.
Changchun
: An independent legal entity that puts forward smart network road test applications, conducts testing activities, and assumes relevant responsibilities.
Baoding
: Unclear
Pingtan
: Apply for road test applications for driverless cars, organize and take corresponding responsibility.
Second, test vehicles
country
: Intelligent grid-connected vehicles, including passenger cars and commercial vehicles, excluding low-speed cars and motorcycles.
Beijing
: Vehicles equipped with an autopilot system on vehicles that meet the "Motor Vehicle Operational Safety Requirements" (GB7258). The number of test vehicles that apply for road tests must not exceed 5 vehicles at a time.
Shanghai
: Apply for intelligent networked vehicles for road testing, including passenger cars and commercial vehicles, excluding low-speed cars and motorcycles.
Guangzhou
: Motor vehicles that are used for intelligent networked automobile testing, including passenger cars and commercial vehicles, excluding motorcycles and low-speed vehicles, are encouraged to use new energy vehicles as test vehicles.
Shenzhen
: The vehicle equipped with a smart driving system on a motor vehicle that complies with the "Motor Vehicle Operational Safety Technical Conditions" (GB7258-2017) has a certain amount of intelligent driving functions such as environmental awareness, intelligent decision-making, and cooperative control. The driving can be assisted by a robot. The machine replaces people to operate.
Chongqing
: Unregistered motor vehicles that meet the safety requirements of Motor Vehicle Operation Safety (GB7258) and are equipped with an automatic driving system.
Changsha
: Motor vehicles that have automatic driving systems and technologies and meet the technical safety requirements of "Motor Vehicle Operational Safety Requirements" (GB7258).
Changchun
: Intelligent networked vehicles for road testing applications by test subjects, including passenger cars and commercial vehicles.
Baoding
: not clear
Pingtan
: Vehicles equipped with unmanned systems.
Third, test management
country
: Test vehicle body should be marked with "Automatic Driving Test" with eye-catching colors to remind the surrounding vehicles to pay attention. During the test, the test vehicle shall not carry personnel or goods not related to the test. During the testing process, the automatic driving mode shall not be used except for the test road section specified in the test notice; the test vehicle shall use the manual operation mode to move from the parking point to the test road section.
Beijing
: The test subject shall post the autopilot test mark on the autopilot test vehicle; no one unrelated to the test shall be carried on; and the brake test shall not be performed on the road. During the test, the test shall be conducted strictly in accordance with the test plan, and the test shall not be conducted during the super-period.
Shanghai
: During the test period, the test vehicle must place the test vehicle temporary vehicle number plate at the designated position and post the test mark in accordance with the regulations. The test driver shall comply with the current road traffic safety laws and regulations, and carry the test notification and test plan for the vehicle for future reference. And strictly according to the test notice specified in the test time, test road sections and test items to carry out the test work. The test driver shall rest for 0.5 hours every 2 hours of work, and the accumulated time for each person to perform the test work per day shall not exceed 8 hours.
Guangzhou
: During the test, the test vehicle shall not carry any persons or goods unrelated to the test, and shall not conduct vehicle brake tests. The test speed of a large vehicle must not exceed 30 kilometers per hour.
The test subjects who apply for the test for the first time can only perform the test work on the first-level road section. If the accumulative test mileage exceeds 5,000 kilometers, or the test subject whose cumulative distance exceeds 3000 kilometers and the average departure distance is more than 20 kilometers in the past 3 months, no responsible traffic accident or out-of-control condition occurs, the third party organization may apply for testing work on the second-level road section. . If the accumulated test mileage exceeds 30,000 kilometers, or the test subject whose accumulated mileage exceeds 20,000 kilometers and the average departure interval distance is greater than 40 km in the past 3 months, no responsible traffic accident or out-of-control situation occurs, it may apply to a third-party agency for development on the third-level road section. Test work.
The test driver should be properly rested for every 2 hours of work, and the cumulative working time per day should not exceed 8 hours.
Shenzhen
: The test subject must, in accordance with the regulations, place a temporary driving number plate at the designated position of the test vehicle and post the “Smart Driving Test Vehicle†mark. During the test, the test vehicle shall not carry persons or goods not related to the test.
Chongqing
: The test vehicle must be marked with the "autopilot test vehicle" logo on the body. During the test, the test vehicle shall not exhibit technical changes that affect the driving safety. During the test, the test vehicle shall not be allowed to board the personnel and items unrelated to the test. The test driver's continuous working time shall not exceed 2 hours, the rest time shall not be less than 0.5 hours, and the working hours shall not exceed 6 hours per day.
Changsha
: Test vehicles must obtain temporary vehicle number plates before they can go on the road. The body should be marked with "Automatic Driving Test" in eye-catching colors to alert the surrounding vehicles. During the test, the test vehicle shall not carry personnel or goods not related to the test. The test driver shall be allowed to rest for 0.5 hours after each continuous working period of 2 hours, and each test driver shall accumulatively perform the test work daily for no more than 6 hours.
Changchun
: The test subject shall place a temporary vehicle number plate on the test vehicle and post an intelligent network connection to test the significant identifier; no person or cargo unrelated to the test shall be used; to ensure the safety of the test, the test driver shall take a rest for 30 minutes every 2 hours of work. , and the cumulative time per person per day for testing work shall not exceed 8 hours.
Baoding
: The test subjects shall submit regular test reports that fully embody the entire testing process to the city's autonomous driving vehicle road test management service center and the municipal intelligent traffic demonstration city construction work leading group office.
Pingtan
: The test subject shall post the driverless test mark on the driverless test vehicle; the test subject shall submit a test plan application to a third party regulatory agency in accordance with the Administrative Measures and carry it with the vehicle. During the testing process, tests shall be conducted strictly in accordance with the test plan, and testing shall not be conducted during the over-period or over-period.
Fourth, test route and road test license
Beijing
: Selected 33 roads in Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Sujiabang and Shangzhuang Towns of Haidian District and Gaoliying Town of Shunyi District as the first batch of open test roads, totaling 105 kilometers. In addition, it also organized the construction of the first Haidian automatic piloting test site covering an area of ​​more than 200 acres in Beijing. The test site includes a variety of urban and rural road types, and has a rich test scenario and a multi-level evaluation system. The road test time must be selected from non-peak morning and evening peak hours and avoid adverse weather conditions such as rain, snow, and fog.
Road test license: Baidu, Weilai Automobile, Beiqi New Energy
Shanghai
: The Shanghai municipal government has designated a 5.6-kilometer section in Jiading District to support public testing of autonomous driving companies and institutions, including the 2.7-km section of Moyu South Road to Anyan Road, Boyuan Road, and Boyuan Road. The 0.9 km road from Luzhi to Anzhi Road intersection and the 2 km road from Anli Road to Anzhi Road at North Ande Road.
Autopilot technology has developed rapidly in Shanghai. In the past two years, more than 200 test scenarios have been completed in closed test areas, and more than 450 companies have provided more than 450 days and over 5,000 hours of testing services. Recently, unmanned open roads will expand from 5.6 kilometers to 12 kilometers, still relying on the roads of Anting Town in Jiading, and new roads such as Moyu South Road, North Ande Road, Boyuan Road, Anchi Road, and Antu Road will be added. A section of the road, the test scene is more abundant. By the end of this year, the test section will reach 47 kilometers, involving 58 junctions. In certain application scenarios such as ports, trucks, sanitation vehicles, etc. will be driven to achieve automatic driving.
Road test licenses: SAIC, Weilai cars, BMW China
Guangzhou
: The test route is not yet clear. Pony Zhixing and Jing Chi successively opened an automatic driving car trial operation in Guangzhou.
Shenzhen: Around October 2017, Shenzhen City piloted two automatic driving routes at Southern University of Science and Technology. The automatic driving technology was jointly developed by the National Intelligent Transportation Technology Center and Huawei Technologies.
Road test license: Tencent
Chongqing
At present, Chongqing intends to take part of the roads in the two areas of Lijia and Jinfeng as test sections. The specific road sections must wait for government approval.
Road test license: Changan, Baidu, FAW, Geely, GAC, Dongfeng, Beiqi Futian
Changsha
: The intelligent system test area in Changsha Xiangjiang New District will be planned and constructed from June 2016. The functions will be divided into major functional zones such as highway test zone, urban road test zone, rural road test zone, and off-road test zone. Up to 12 km. The test area will be open on June 30.
Changchun
: The test route is not clear.
Road test license: FAW
Baoding
: The test route is not clear; the road test license has not been issued.
Pingtan
: The western section of Qilin Avenue in the central and western part of Pingtan Island is the first test site with a total length of more than 6 kilometers.
Road test license: Baidu, Jinlong bus
V. Regulatory agencies
country
: A third-party testing agency engaged in automobile-related businesses recognized by the state, or province, or city for testing and verification.
Beijing
: The third test organization is Beijing Intelligent Vehicle Industry Innovation Center Co., Ltd., led by Beijing Qianfang Technology Co., Ltd.
Shanghai
: The Shanghai Manufacturing Innovation Center was entrusted as a third-party management agency, led by Shanghai International Automobile City (Group), and coordinated by the China Automotive Technology and Research Center.
Shenzhen
: No explicit third-party regulatory agency.
Guangzhou
: To commission third-party organizations to take charge of the application of intelligent network-linked automotive testing and daily supervision.
Chongqing
: China National Automobile Research Institute, an authoritative third-party regulatory authority within the industry, is the automatic driving test management unit.
Changsha
: Hunan Xiangjiang New District Management Committee Economic Development Bureau is responsible for organizing the development of intelligent network-linked automotive road testing technology and application standards, leading the formation of the Changsha Intelligent Network Alliance Automotive Road Testing Experts Committee, coordinating and coordinating the planning of the test area and facilities improvement, and responsible for third-party management Institutional management.
Changchun
: To commission a third-party agency to take charge of the whole process supervision and closure testing of the intelligent network-linked automotive test, including test application acceptance, material review, test tracking, data collection and analysis, and supervision and management.
Baoding
: The Municipal Science and Technology Bureau took the lead to organize expert committees in the automotive travel field of Apollo Council members, universities, and research institutes to provide technical advice on road testing of autonomous vehicles.
Pingtan
: The third-party regulatory agency authorized by the District Driverless Driving Task Force is responsible for the whole process supervision of driverless vehicle testing, including driverless vehicle test tracking, data collection, and daily supervision.
Suzhou Sikor Industry Co., Ltd. , https://www.sikor-group.com