1 Introduction
The mine consists of three selected plants: Bonneville, Athol and Magna. Boniville has only broken and ground minerals. Its slurry is transported from the ¢90 and ¢660mm concrete pipes to the other two plants, and the grinding products of the latter two plants merge into the beneficiation circuit.
Bingham is part of the Utah branch of Kennecott Copper Company. Bingham is located in Bingham Caen, southwest of Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Copper was developed on June 4, 1903, with an initial capacity of 300 t/d. The recovery of molybdenum began in 1930. The Magna plant was established in 1906 and the existing beneficiation capacity is 54kt/d. In 1969, the Athel plant was built. The existing ore dressing capacity is 54kt/d. In 1966, the Bonneville plant was built with a capacity of 27kt/d for crushing and grinding. In 1971, Athol and Magna each built a tailings processing plant.
Now, Bingham has the capacity to process 108kt of ore per day and is the world's largest copper-molybdenum plant. An amount of copper metal having an annual output of 320kt, the amount of aluminum metal 6.5kt production capacity.
2. Deposits, ores and mining
The Bingham copper-molybdenum mine is a typical giant disseminated porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, one of the largest deposits in the world.
The mineralization of copper ore body appears in and around the granite porphyry of the Bingham rock series, which is a composite ore belt. The composite belt in the above molybdenum belt with copper and molybdenum belt and a large iron-rich transition zone and a lead-zinc ore belt components. The lead-zinc ore belt extends over 1.6km to the edge of the mining area.
The upper part of the ore body is composed of a leaching and oxidation coating layer, which is 30 to 60 m thick, and is a copper secondary ore-rich belt with a thickness of 230 to 300 m. Below it is the original sulfide ore belt. At present, the open pit mine is almost entirely in this mine belt. The copper and molybdenum ore belts are broken several times with depth, and are almost surrounded by a low-grade "mine", which has a concentric structure. The top of the "mine core" of the copper ore belt is about 300m higher than the molybdenum ore belt. The ore body reserves are about 1480Mt, and the recoverable molybdenum metal amount is 200kt.
The ore body is a copper-molybdenum deposit of leached porphyry. The main metal minerals are porphyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite, of which 3/4 of the copper mineral is chalcopyrite. They are granulated in granite , sometimes in sedimentary rocks. About 50% of copper minerals and 10% of molybdenum ore are impregnated with granules, and the rest are produced by fine vein filling. Gold and silver are by-product minerals, most of which are symbiotic with porphyrite.
Open pit mining, train transportation.
The crushing workshop uses a three-stage process. The coarse crushing was carried out by a ¢1.37m (5′′) Allis Chalmers rotary crusher , which was crushed with a 2135mm (7′) Symons standard cone crusher and shredded with a ¢2315mm (7). ') Short-head cone crusher, broken product 60%~80%-19mm.
3. Copper-molybdenum mixed flotation
Assel's and Magna's beneficiation process is the same: mixed (copper-molybdenum) flotation, tailings re-election, copper-molybdenum sorting process. The copper-molybdenum mixed flotation process is relatively simple, as shown in Figure 1. The ore crystal position is 0.69% Cu, 0.03% Mo. Grinding fineness 50% -200 mesh.
The tailings are treated separately, and the process flow is shown in Figure 2. As a result, the copper concentrate can be increased by 110t per day, and the molybdenum content is higher than the mixed flotation (adding fuel oil to capture molybdenum ore). [next]
Figure 1 Copper-molybdenum mixed flotation process
Figure 2 Atsel tailings re-election plant process
The copper-molybdenum mixed concentrate grade is: 28% Cu, 1.5% Mo, 25% Fe, 12% acid insoluble. It accounts for 95% of the raw materials of the molybdenum plant.
The selected concentrate grades in the sweeping section are: 4% Cu, 8% Mo, 17% Fe, and 46% insolubles account for 5%.
Cu - Mo mixed roughing, scavenging agent consumption (g / t): Lime (PH8.7 ~ 9.2) 680; xylyl sodium dithiophosphate 10; Aero cyanide 10; MIBC- toluic acid (foaming Agent) 40; fuel oil (sweep selection) 7.
4, copper-molybdenum separation process
Athol and Magna's copper-molybdenum separation process is the same, as shown in Figure 3. The process consists of two stages of molybdenum-free copper floating and a copper-suppressing molybdenum. The process is divided into three sections:
Figure 3 Athol copper-molybdenum sorting process
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Section A: The copper-molybdenum mixed concentrate is concentrated and added with a foaming agent, MIBC, a sodium ethyl xanthate collector , and a molybdenum inhibitor dextrin. Enter a coarse and fine molybdenum float copper selection. The concentrate (foam) is a copper concentrate, and the product in the tailings tank is sent to the B section.
Section B: A tail and copper-molybdenum mixed flotation sweeping section Concentrate and tailings processing plant The final concentrate is concentrated and filtered, and then enters the multi-hearth furnace (three layers), calcined at 250~290 °C for 30 min to remove the concentrate. The surface agent, the heat-treated product, was only floated after adding the foaming agent MIBC and slurrying with lime (pH=7.0) to obtain a foam product containing a higher gangue (classified as copper concentrate). The tailings are sent to the C section to select molybdenum.
Section C: (also divided into two sections C and D) The B-tail is selected by a rough selection, three selections, and a second selection of copper-suppressed molybdenum molybdenum. At this time, it must be added to the molybdenum ore. The fuel is pumped, and the inhibitors are sodium silicate, Knox, and lime. The pH of the pulp is adjusted between 10.0 and 11.0. The C-stage coarse concentrate contains MoS 2 50%~60%, and the final molybdenum concentrate contains 90% of molybdenum MoS 2 . The total recovery is 65% to 75%.
Molybdenum recovery plant agent consumption (g/t mixed concentrate): dextrin 227; ethyl xanthate 54.5; sodium silicate 650; fuel oil 435; foaming agent (MIBC) 95; pine oil 18;
There are three types of molybdenum concentrates in the final molybdenum recovery plant: the first type is the second type of molybdenum concentrate, which is leached by cyanidation. The product contains MoS 2 90% and Cu <0.15%. The second type of flotation concentrate contains MoS 2 >85% (often 90%) and Cu <0.5%. The third type of flotation concentrate contains MoS 2 <80% and Cu <1.25%.
In 1962, the copper content of the Assel copper concentrate was 0.36%. The total recovery rate of molybdenum in the plant is between 65% and 75%.
5, mineral processing indicators
The ore grade: 0.69% Cu, 0.03% Mo, grinding fineness 50%-200 mesh, processing capacity is 108 kt / d, copper-molybdenum ore mixed concentrate grade: 28% Cu, 1.5% Mo, 25% Fe, 12 % acid insoluble matter. Tailings treatment system concentrate grade: 4% Cu, 8% Mo, 17% Fe, 46% acid insoluble. Copper concentrate grade: 30% Cu, copper recovery rate of 90%. Molybdenum concentrate grade: 54% Mo, <0.5% Cu (before dipping) (<0.15% Cu (after dipping)). The molybdenum recovery rate is 56%. The ball mill (rough grinding section) has an operating rate of 96%.
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