Chapter 1 Selection of Mining Methods Section 2 Factors Affecting the Choice of Mining Methods

There are many factors that influence the choice of mining methods, which can be summarized into the following two aspects:

1. Deposit geological conditions The geological conditions of the deposit are the most basic factors affecting the choice of mining methods, and it plays a controlling role in the selection. Geological data must be presented as required and must be sufficiently reliable. Geological conditions generally include the following:

(1) Physical and mechanical properties of ore and surrounding rock. The most critical factor is the stability of the ore and surrounding rock, because it determines the ground pressure management method of the stope, the components of the ore block and the method of mining. Mining methods are classified according to ground pressure management methods, and are grouped according to structural parameters. Therefore, the choice of mining method must first consider the stability of the ore. When the ore is stable, various mining methods can be used. The empty field method is most advantageous, and the caving method can be properly excluded. When the ore is stable and the surrounding rock is not stable , the caving method or filling method can be used preferentially. Field method, when the ore is medium-stable or unstable, and the surrounding rock is stable, the section mining method, the stage mining method or the stage natural caving method can be used. Only when the ore is unstable, the down-flow filling is considered. Law or stratified caving.

(2) Mine production. Mainly refers to the inclination, thickness and geometry of the ore body.

The dip angle of the ore body affects the way the ore is transported in the stope. Generally speaking, horizontal ore bodies can be transported by rails, tracks or electric picks; for rails below 10°, 30. The following ore bodies are transported by electric rafts, 30. Above to 40. ~45. Explosive force transport can be used only when the tilt angle is greater than 55. ) 60. Only use gravity to move. However, when the thickness of the ore body is increased, even if the inclination angle is not steep, gravity can be used by the chassis funnel mining method or the triangle column.

The thickness of the ore body affects the mining method of the stope and the arrangement of the nuggets. For very thin veins with a thickness less than 0.8, the wall-filling method should be preferred when the slope is inclined or inclined, and the angle of inclination is greater than 50. It can be considered to use the mining method or the wall filling method to separate the mining. The single layer m method generally requires the ore body thickness to be no more than 3m. The subsection mining method and the stage mining method thickness are divided into another 丨藤离郎 inverse L and 16~ When the thickness of 20mo is small, shallow hole falling ore is used, and the thickness is more than 5~8 or 10m. It can be used in medium and deep holes, deep holes and even room falling.

The ore bodies below the medium thickness are mined, and the nuggets are generally laid along the strike; while the thick or extremely thick ore bodies are often laid in a vertical direction.

The geometry of the ore body is irregular and the contact condition of the ore is not obvious . It is only suitable to use shallow hole or medium-deep hole ore, stratification or sub-section ore . If large-diameter deep holes are used , the stage ore will bring a larger Mine damage and depletion.

(3) Ore grade and value. For ore with high grade and high value, mining methods with high recovery rate and low depletion rate should be selected, such as filling method; on the contrary , mining methods with low cost and high efficiency , such as segmentation or stage caving , should be adopted. When the distribution of the crystal position is not uniform, it is necessary to consider the mining and distribution or the selection of the working face . For such mining methods, a comprehensive method, an upward stratified filling method and a sublevel caving method without a bottom column can be used.

When there are multiple ore bodies with different grades in the same deposit and the difference is very different, different mining methods may be used, or the filling mining method for temporarily retaining the lean ore by using the first mining rich ore may be adopted.

(4) Oxidation, pyrophoricity and agglomeration of ore and surrounding rock. Mining deposits with ore of these properties, such as sulfide ore containing more than 20% sulfur, clay minerals agglomerated with water, etc., it is not advisable to use the ore method in which the ore is stored for a long time in the stope, and the sublevel caving method with the bottom column. And the stage collapse method , only the empty field method or filling method should be adopted.

(5) Mineralization of surrounding rock. When there is mineralization in the surrounding rock, the restrictions on the surrounding rock mixing during the mining process can be appropriately relaxed, and the caving mining method of deep hole mining is allowed to partially compensate for the decrease in grade due to the surrounding rock mixing. However, when the mineral composition of the surrounding rock is not conducive to beneficiation and smelting, the mining method with low waste mixing rate should be resolutely selected.

(6) The depth of occurrence of the ore body. When the burial depth of the ore body exceeds 500~800m, the ground pressure increases, and rockburst may occur. At this time, the use of the empty field method is restricted , and only the caving method or the filling method should be adopted.

2. Mining technical conditions The special requirements imposed by certain mining technical conditions may have a decisive role in the choice of mining methods.

(1) The possibility of surface subsidence. Such as rivers, railways and important buildings within a range of a moving belt surface, or due to environmental protection requirements do not allow the fall of the surface, and can not be selected caving Postharvest Surrounding treated with caving goaf empty field method, should be used only A filling method capable of maintaining a goaf to prevent the movement of surface rock layers, or a mining method for post-filling.

(2) The availability of limb equipment and materials. When selecting a mining method, you must consider whether there is equipment and material supply, and whether spare parts can be guaranteed. According to the economic conditions in China's current period, equipment should be based on domestic production, and wood, steel, cement and other scarce materials should be restricted as much as possible.

(3) Special requirements of the processing department for ore quality. The metallurgical processing department has a minimum ore-bearing crystal position for mining ore mining, allowing special requirements such as fine ore content, ore blockiness, humidity and harmful components. The selected mining method must meet these requirements.

Sometimes the size of the state or the amount of metal, the loss of certain raw materials, also put forward special requirements, can not meet all these requirements mining methods, can not be considered.

(4) The level of technical management required by the mining method. The selected mining method should be as much as possible for existing workers and engineering managers , which is especially important for small, medium and local mines. For mines that are also available in the mining and sub-section mining methods , mines with weak technical strength should use the retention method as much as possible. It is easier to master than the sub-section mining method in both the mining arrangement and the rock drilling technology. Mines using new methods, new processes, and new equipment should consider testing and organizing training conditions.

It must be pointed out that the above-mentioned influencing factors can not be treated in isolation, and electricity is difficult to cover all aspects. It is necessary to closely combine the specific conditions of the deposits and mines, make a comprehensive analysis, and focus on selecting reasonable mining methods according to the basic requirements.

Copper Baler

The trends of the Copper recycling industry
Manufacturers in the recycled copper market are sourcing their metals from discarded automotive components, construction materials, electronic devices. Such developmental activities are contributing toward the growth of the global market, which is predicted to advance at a modest CAGR of 3.5%, in terms of volume, throughout the assessment period.
Recycling companies are upgrading their technology and equipment to meet high copper consumption in the World.

Scrap copper collected from various sources is used as raw material in copper recycling, scrap copper metal is separated and processed several times to yield recycled copper.

The Scrap Copper Metal Baler machine makes your copper recycling more efficient and profitable.

Through the process of baling, save the cost of storage and transportation of waste, improve the melting efficiency of the furnace and so on.

Copper Baler,Copper Metal Baler Machine,Scrap Copper Metal Baler,Hydraulic Copper Scrap Baler

Jiangyin Yimaisheng Hydraulic Machinery Co., Ltd. , https://www.ymsrecycling.com