And Tian is a hydrous calcium magnesium silicate having a chain structure. It is a collection of microfibrous or dense massive minerals mainly composed of tremolite and actinolite , and containing other trace minerals. The chemical composition is Ca 2 (Mg, Fe 2+ ) 5 (Si 4 O 11 ) 2 (OH) 2 . Is a monoclinic system. The crystal is fibrous or needle-shaped. The colors are various, and are white, cyan, yellow, green, black, red, and the like. It is generally lustrous and sometimes waxy. Translucent to opaque. The refractive index is 1.606-1.632, and the birefringence is 0.021-0.023. No fluorescence or phosphorescence. Hardness 6-6.5, density 2.9-3.1g/cm3. The fracture is jagged. Extremely tough, fine texture, tough, polished surface is very bright.
Nephrite is mainly produced in the green schist facies which are in contact with metamorphic metamorphic belts and shallow metamorphic belts, and sometimes may be altered or metamorphosed by basic magmatic rocks. China is the oldest and most famous country in the world for the production of jade . The main producing areas are the Hetian Yulong Kashi River in the south of Xinjiang, the Karakash River and the Kunlun Mountains in the upper reaches of the Yarkant River. Other countries producing nephrite include Australia, Canada, the United States, Russia, New Zealand, and Brazil.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a theory and practice that developed over millennia and across nations, languages, religions, and cultures in the East. In the decades since it was popularized in the United States, it has seen an exponential growth of patients and practitioners in the West as well. But despite this popularity, TCM is often misunderstood by Western biomedical doctors and patients. This chapter provides an introduction to the foundational concepts of TCM, with an emphasis on those aspects that are most relevant to men's health. It compares and contrasts the diagnostic, therapeutic, and research practices employed by TCM and biomedicine and offers a pragmatic model for productive and respectful integration in the form of the Chinese specialty of Nanke or andrology.
TCM includes a wide range of herbal medications, commonly used in complex formulations involving combinations of a dozen or more substances.
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