Pump is energy-hungry. According to experts, it accounts for about 20% of the total energy consumption in the world. In the oil and chemical industry, respectively, up to 59% and 26%. Therefore, the pump energy saving is a far-reaching, huge potential, economic and social benefits is very significant event. In the past, centrifugal pump regulation, the commonly used valve control and opening and closing bypass and other methods, a great energy loss. With the development of industrial application of frequency conversion technology, speed regulation is not only convenient but also economically reasonable.
Summary:
Centrifugal pumps are a versatile fluid machinery widely used in chemical industrial systems . It has a wide range of performance to adapt to (including flow, pressure head and the nature of the transport medium adaptability), small size, simple structure, easy operation, low operating costs and many other advantages. Usually, the selected centrifugal pump flow, head pressure may be inconsistent with the requirements of the pipeline, or due to production tasks, process requirements change, this time require the pump flow control, in essence, to change the operating point of the centrifugal pump. Centrifugal pump operating point is determined by the pump characteristic curve and piping system characteristic curve, therefore, to change any one of the characteristic curve can achieve the purpose of flow regulation. At present, the centrifugal pump flow control methods are the main control valve, variable speed control and the pump and the series adjustment. Due to the different principles of various adjustment methods, in addition to their own advantages and disadvantages, the resulting energy loss is not the same, in order to find the best, minimum energy consumption, the most energy-efficient flow regulation, you must fully understand the centrifugal pump flow adjustment The relationship between mode and energy consumption.
1 pump flow control the main way
1.1 change the pipeline characteristic curve
The simplest way to change the centrifugal pump flow is to use the outlet of the pump outlet valve to control it. The essence is to change the position of the pipeline characteristic curve to change the working point of the pump.
1.2 change the centrifugal pump characteristic curve
According to the law of proportion and cutting law, changing the pump speed, changing the pump structure (such as cutting impeller diameter method, etc.) can change the characteristics of the centrifugal pump two curves, so as to achieve the purpose of regulating flow (while changing the pressure head). But for the pump has been working to change the pump structure of the method is not convenient, and due to changes in the structure of the pump, reduces the versatility of the pump, although it is easy to regulate the flow of the economy at some point 1, also rarely used in production . Here only analyze the change of centrifugal pump speed regulation method. Analysis from Figure 1, when the pump speed to adjust the flow rate change from Q1 down to Q2, the pump speed (or motor speed) decreased from n1 to n2, the speed of n2 pump characteristics under the curve QH and the pipeline characteristic curve He = H0 + G1Qe2 (no change in line characteristic curve) to point A3 (Q2, H3), point A3 is the new operating point after adjusting the flow rate by speed regulation. The adjustment method has the advantages of obvious regulation effect, quickness, safety and reliability, prolonging the service life of the pump and saving electric energy, and additionally reducing the rotational speed operation can effectively reduce the NPSHr of the centrifugal pump and keep the pump away from the cavitation zone and reduce the centrifugal pump The possibility of cavitation occurs 2 . The disadvantage is the need to change the pump speed through the variable frequency technology to change the prime mover (usually the motor) speed, the principle of complex, large investment, and the flow adjustment range.
1.3 pump string, and even adjust the way
When a single centrifugal pump can not meet the delivery mission, you can use the centrifugal pump in parallel or series operation. In parallel with two centrifugal pumps of the same type, although the pressure head changes little, but increases the total delivery flow, the total efficiency of the parallel pump is the same with the efficiency of a single pump; when the centrifugal pump is connected in series, the total pressure head increases, Little change in flow, the total efficiency of tandem pumps with a single pump the same efficiency.
2 different regulation mode pump energy consumption analysis
In the different regulation mode of energy consumption analysis, the article only for the current widely used valve regulation and pump variable speed regulation of two adjustment methods to be analyzed. As the centrifugal pump and the tandem operation aims to improve the pressure head or flow in the chemical industry is not much use of its energy consumption can be combined with Figure 2 analysis, the method is basically the same.
2.1 valve to adjust the flow of power consumption
Centrifugal pump operation, the motor input shaft power N is:
N = vQH / η
Where N - shaft power, w;
Q - pump effective pressure head, m;
H - the actual pump flow, m3 / s;
v - fluid specific gravity, N / m3;
η - pump efficiency.
When using a valve to regulate flow from Q1 to Q2, the shaft power consumed at operating point A2 is:
NA2 = vQ2H2 / η
vQ2H3 - the actual useful power, W;
vQ2 (H2-H3) - loss of power on the valve, W;
vQ2H2 (1 / η-1) - centrifugal pump loss of power, W.
2.2 speed control flow of power consumption
During shift to the scaling law analysis by use of a centrifugal pump, depending on the application conditions, refer to the following analyzes were within ± 20%, and the efficiency of the centrifugal pump itself changes the shift range is not the centrifugal pump 3. When the motor speed is used to adjust the flow to the flow rate Q2, the shaft power consumed by the pump at the working point A3 is:
NA3 = vQ2H3 / η
The same can be transformed:
NA3 = vQ2H3 + vQ2H3 (1 / η-1) (2)
Where vQ2H3 - the actual useful power, W;
vQ2H3 (1 / η-1) - centrifugal pump loss of power, W.
2.3 comparative analysis of energy consumption
3 Conclusion
Centrifugal pump for the current common outlet valve and pump variable speed regulation of two major flow control methods, pump variable speed control of energy saving than the outlet valve regulation much greater, which can be both from the power analysis and power consumption Comparative analysis shows. Through the centrifugal pump flow and lift diagram, you can more intuitively reflect the energy consumption of the two adjustment mode. Reducing the flow through pump speed regulation also helps to reduce the possibility of cavitation in the centrifugal pump. When the flow rate decreases, the energy-saving efficiency of variable speed regulation is greater, that is, the greater the power loss of valve regulation, however, the pump efficiency is too large when the pump speed is too large, which is beyond the scope of the pump law of proportion. Therefore, Should consider from many aspects, in between the two out of the best flow adjustment method.
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