Progress in theory and basic research of potash ore dressing

Potassium salt is one of the three indispensable fertilizers in agriculture. China's proven reserves of potash resources are not large, and it is still difficult to meet the demand for potash fertilizer in agriculture. In this context, the effective development and utilization of potash mines is of great significance. In recent years, potash science and technology workers have done a lot of work in the theory and basic research of potash ore dressing , and have achieved a number of results, providing a solid theoretical basis and technical support for the development and utilization of potash mines in China.

Cheng Fangqin et al. studied the resource utilization of salt lake mud-bearing ore from two aspects of potassium ore and flotation technology. Firstly, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the chemical composition of slime-bearing ore. wherein the structure is analyzed, followed by selection and kerosene eighteen hydrochloride as flotation agent, the sludge removal potash were studied by flotation. The results showed that, Salt Lake sludge more than 70% of feldspar, clay and silt mainly of silicon aluminate; multi sludge filled in between the wrapped crystal mineral salts, alone or meager distribution lamellar structure; hydrochloride The effect of octadecylamine on the flotation of slime is poor, less than 1%, but the slime consumes a large amount of octadecylamine; the removal rate of kerosene in the saturated brine is 20%~50%. 50%. This study can provide strong technical support for the efficient use of low-grade potassium resources.

Salt Lake is China's largest deposit of soluble potassium magnesium salts, anti-flotation - cold crystallization method Potassium Chloride is the world's more advanced of a new process. Based on the phase diagram theory, Bao Yinglian introduced the phase diagram analysis of the reverse flotation-cold crystallization method for the preparation of potassium chloride from sodium-containing carnallite. The process of producing potassium chloride by reverse flotation-cold crystallization method from two In some aspects, a detailed analysis was carried out, and the relationship between the sodium chloride and potassium chloride yields of different mass fractions was calculated. The result was that the chlorination increased with the mass fraction of sodium chloride in the carnallite ore. The recovery rate of potassium is linearly reduced; the rate of preparation of potassium chloride by the reverse flotation-cold crystallization method in the carnallite mine in Yantian Beach is generally about 50%. Therefore, the control of Yantiantan in the bainite ore is controlled. The mass fraction of sodium chloride can increase the yield of potassium chloride and save a lot of water, so as to guide the production and quality of potassium chloride in the production process.

Zhao Jing et al. carried out research on viscosity measurement and controlled microflotation experiments for the problem of entraining a large amount of NaC1 in the KC1 flotation process. The results show that NaC1 in the flotation liquid phase can increase the viscosity of the flotation system; when the mass fraction of NaC1 in the flotation solid phase increases from 0 to 75%, the mass fraction of product KC1 decreases from 99.16% to 89.29%, and the yield is 99.16%. The % is reduced to 80.05%; when the particle size of NaC1 is less than 95 μm, the NaC1 entrainment in the KC1 flotation product can reach 10% to 15%. One of the main reasons why NaC1 is entrained by KC1 is that the NaC1 has a high mass fraction and a small particle size in the flotation solid phase.

Ma Jin-yuan, with different Mg2 + concentration of the solution viscosity and flotation were studied. The results show that MgCl2 has an important influence on the viscosity of potassium chloride flotation system, and the concentration of Mg2+ plays a decisive role in the viscosity of the solution. The presence of MgCl2 not conducive to yield potassium chloride; when w (MgCl2) <20%, mass fraction of magnesium chloride per 1%, potassium chloride flotation yield is reduced by about 1%; when W (MgCl2) When >20%, the potassium chloride flotation yield is drastically reduced until potassium (MgCl2) = 26.38% (three-phase co-saturation), and potassium chloride does not substantially float.

In the process of preparing potassium chloride by positive flotation method, since the sodium chloride and potassium chloride float together to affect the quality of the potassium chloride product, it is necessary to study the behavior of sodium chloride floating with potassium chloride. . At 25 °C, Zhao Jing et al investigated the effect of sodium chloride concentration on the viscosity of two floatation solutions of potassium chloride-sodium chloride and magnesium chloride-potassium chloride-sodium chloride, and chlorine in the two solutions. The effect of the particle size of sodium on the sedimentation rate of sodium chloride, the recovery of sodium chloride, and the quality of potassium chloride products. The results show that the main reason for the flotation of sodium chloride with potassium chloride is that the viscosity of the flotation liquid is larger, and the sodium chloride particles with smaller particle size tend to adhere to the surface of the bubble or enter the mineralized foam of potassium chloride. The layer is entrained and floats out. When the particle size of sodium chloride is greater than 125 μm, it can effectively reduce the interference of sodium chloride on the flotation of potassium chloride and improve the quality of potassium chloride products.

Xie Bingjun et al. investigated the distribution of potassium chloride in different sizes of carnallite ore and the effect of fineness of the sample on the flotation process. The results show that potassium chloride has no obvious enrichment in different particle size samples; as the size of the ore sample becomes smaller, the flotation concentrate yield and potassium chloride recovery rate will increase; flotation concentrate yield The distribution is concentrated in the interval of particle size less than 0.15 mm, and the sodium chloride impurities are also concentrated in the particle size interval.

Song Xingfu et al. used the density functional theory (DFT) PW91 method to study the adsorption of dodecylmorpholine (DMP) molecules on the defective NaCI (100) and KC1 (100). After the defect is introduced, the ionic charge on the surface of the crystal changes greatly, so that NaCI (100) exhibits positive polarity, while KC1 (100) exhibits negative charge. DMP adsorbed at the top of Na in NaC1(100), and the adsorption energy was about -157.00 kJ/mol; DMP adsorbed at the K-top of KCI(100), and the adsorption energy was about -59.14 kJ/mol. Therefore, both sodium chloride and potassium chloride have an adsorption effect on DMP, while sodium chloride adsorbs DMP more strongly than potassium chloride. The flotation results of overflow fine crystals containing alkylmorpholine showed that the alkylmorpholine had a high flotation recovery rate for sodium chloride and a lower flotation recovery rate for potassium chloride. The flotation results well confirm the different adsorption characteristics of the alkylmorpholine obtained by the simulation on the surface of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.

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