Commonly used mineral processing methods include re-election, flotation, magnetic separation, electro-election, chemical beneficiation, and bacterial beneficiation.
Microbial beneficiation is also known as "bacterial beneficiation." It mainly uses iron oxide bacteria, sulfur oxidizing bacteria and silicate bacteria to remove iron, sulfur and silicon from minerals. Iron-oxidizing bacteria can iron. SOx sulfur-oxidizing bacteria can, using bacterial decomposition of silicate clay mineral removal from aluminum silicon. In addition to desulfurization, de-ironing and desiliconization, it can also be used to recover copper , uranium , cobalt , manganese and gold .
The re-election method is to classify minerals based on the difference in relative density of minerals (commonly referred to as specific gravity). Mineral pulls with different densities are subjected to fluid dynamics and various mechanical forces in the moving medium (water, air and heavy rolling), resulting in suitable loose delamination and separation conditions, so that different density of ore particles can be separated.
The flotation method is based on the difference in physical and chemical properties of the mineral surface, and is treated by a flotation agent, and the mineral is selectively attached to the bubble to achieve the purpose of sorting. Non-ferrous ore dressing, such as copper, lead, zinc, sulfur, molybdenum and other miners to use flotation process, some ferrous metals, rare metals, and some non-metallic minerals, such as graphite ore, apatite, also flotation Law selection.
The magnetic separation method is based on the difference in mineral magnetic properties, and different minerals are subjected to different forces in the magnetic field of the magnetic separator to obtain sorting. It is mainly used for the selection of ferrous metal ores (iron, manganese, chromium ), as well as for the selection of colored and rare metal ores.
Electroporation is the sorting of the difference in the conductivity of the root arch mineral. When the mineral passes through the high-voltage electric field of the electric separator, the electrostatic force acting on the mineral is different due to the difference in the conductivity of the mineral, so that the mineral can be separated. Electroporation is used for the selection of rare metals, non-ferrous metals and non-metallic ores. At present, the separation and selection of coarse aggregates are mainly used, such as the separation of scheelite and cassiterite , the selection of zircon , and the selection of antimony ore.
Chemical beneficiation is a mineral processing process based on the difference in the chemical properties of minerals and minerals, the use of chemical methods to alter the mineral composition, and then other methods to enrich the target components. For example, copper ore containing malachite is leached with dilute sulfuric acid. The mineral component is changed, that is, the malachite becomes a copper sulfate solution. Metal copper (sponge copper) can be obtained by replacing the copper ions in the solution with iron filings. Chemical beneficiation is one of the effective methods for the treatment and comprehensive utilization of some poor, fine and miscellaneous mineral raw materials. It is also one of the important ways to make full use of mineral resources and solve the three wastes (waste water, waste residue and waste gas) treatment, turn waste into treasure and protect the environment.
The treatment targets and purposes of chemical beneficiation are the same as those of physical ore selection. They are all processing mineral raw materials and enriching, separating and utilizing the mineral resources of the target components. However, its application range is wider than physical beneficiation. In addition to handling difficult raw ore, it can also handle intermediate products, tailings and coarse concentrates that cannot be processed by physical beneficiation methods, and can recover useful components from “three wastesâ€. therefore. Chemical beneficiation has a promising future, but it should be pointed out that the current chemical dressing generally has a high problem of wood formation, mainly because the chemical beneficiation process requires a large amount of chemical test Liu, so under normal conditions, materials that can be treated by physical beneficiation methods It is not advisable to use chemical beneficiation methods.
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