1 Overview of research on microbial leaching uranium
In foreign countries, microbial leaching of uranium has been researched and applied for more than half a century. There are dozens of industrial applications of large-scale microbial leaching of uranium, gold and copper . They are mainly distributed in Canada, France, South Africa, the United States and Australia. Waiting for the country. The leaching of uranium from bacteria was the first natural leaching study of uranium mines started in 1953 by the Portuguese “Radium Companyâ€. At the 2956 International Conference on Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy, they published the “Natural Leaching of Uranium†Research Report. . Since then, the research and application of bacterial leaching has begun to receive attention from all countries. The Lake Illiot region in Canada is a world-famous uranium producing area. The Stanrock mine in the region has used bacteria to leach uranium in the goaf since 1964. The average monthly recovery of U3086804kg has reached 7% of the total output of the mine at that time. . In 1965, the Portuguese heap leaching U308 45t, the Canadian bacteria recovery 83 ~ 87.6t / a, the French underground and heap leaching recovery U3O8 around 40t / a. After 20 years of development, the annual production of bacteriological leaching of uranium in Canada has reached 420 tons. There are also some uranium mining bacteria in France for underground leaching. For example, the Ekalboyer uranium mine is mainly chemically leached, and then leached with bacteria. By 1975, the uranium production increased from 25t to 35t. Almost all uranium in Spain is obtained by bacterial leaching. The value of uranium recovered by bacteria in the United States has reached 90 million US dollars by 1983. The world's largest Denison mine is a place for in situ leaching of uranium mines, only 1998. About 300 tons of uranium was recovered from the mine. According to reports, after the start of microbial leaching of uranium in France, the annual uranium production of depleted uranium mines has increased significantly In addition, Australia, South Africa, India, Tajikistan, Japan and other countries have also widely used bacterial methods to leach uranium ore, and achieved good social and economic benefits. Numerous studies have shown that relying on microbial leaching uranium technology can not only recover uranium resources from low-grade uranium ore that cannot be utilized or obtained economically by other methods, but also costs much less than other methods.
In China, the research on microbial leaching technology began in the late 1960s and has been successful in the production and application of uranium, copper and other metals. In the 1960s and 1980s, China carried out a 700t depleted uranium ore. In the leaching test and the bacterial leaching test of the uranium-copper symbiotic ore mine in Baifang, in the Baifang copper mine, more than 20,000 tons of tailings containing uranium containing 0.02% to 0.03% of the surface are treated by bacterial leaching to produce uranium. The concentrate was more than 2 tons; in 1993, the 25t-class bacterial heap leaching test of Benxi uranium ore was carried out; in 1998-1999, a 2000t grade semi-industrial test of a lean ore in Fuzhou uranium was carried out; a uranium ore in Zhangzhou uranium was studied, 2000 A 10t column immersion control test was carried out. In 2001, a 4000t industrial test was carried out, and in 2002, industrialization was successfully realized. In the past ten years, China has carried out in-depth research on bacterial heap leaching and in-situ leaching for many uranium mines, such as the semi-industrial test of bacterial heap leaching in the Xiangshan uranium mine, and the in-situ blasting bacteria leaching test conducted in the Yanzhou uranium mine. Bacterial heap leaching test conducted in the grass peach back mining area. In addition, some progress has been made in the screening and domestication of seed, the combination of process and the development of biofilm oxidation equipment.
2 Prospects for microbial leaching uranium technology
With the development of society, people's demand for mineral resources is increasing, but mineral resources with higher grades are facing an increasingly depleted situation. In order to solve the problem of tight supply of resources, people have to pay attention to lean mines. Then, to research and develop new ore processing technology. Practice has proved that the rapid development of microbial leaching technology in recent years is expected to play an increasingly important role in the future due to its mild response, low energy consumption, simple process and environmental friendliness. Microbial uranium-free technology is a promising new technology that has the following advantages over traditional acid or alkaline uranium leaching:
(1) Strengthen the leaching process, improve uranium dynamics, and make full use of low-grade ore, thereby expanding uranium resource reserves.
(2) the bacterial leaching of uranium can greatly reduce acid consumption, and using a solution of ferrous sulfide and metal ores can be reduced in production cost.
(3) When the bacteria in the oxidized ore are iron ore in the leaching solution, the produced high-sulfur sulfate is an ideal leaching agent for leaching uranium, which greatly reduces the production cost of leaching.
(4) Good economic benefits and contribute to environmental protection.
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