Thin layers of silicon nanocrystals and cerium ions can help solar cells extract more energy from the ultraviolet (UV) layer of the solar spectrum. After the traditional silicon-based solar cells absorb ultraviolet light, most of the energy is lost as heat. The researchers found that these heat energy can stimulate helium ions, resulting in the luminescence of helium ions, which in turn uses light energy to convert electricity into electricity.
Traditional solar cells can only be effectively converted in a small part of the solar spectrum. Low-energy light particles (photons) are not absorbed because they do not have enough energy to make the bandgap of the material impossible to bridge, in other words, the lowest light energy that the material uses to excite electrical energy. In contrast, although high-energy photons can be absorbed, most of the energy is emitted as heat in a few picoseconds. This limits the maximum conversion efficiency of solar panels to only 30%.
Now researchers have shown that conversion efficiency can be further improved by using these high-energy photons. Through a layer of material composed of silicon dioxide, silicon nanocrystals, and germanium ions. The silicon nanocrystals pass excess energy to the helium ions, which causes the energy to be absorbed by the helium ions, which in turn generates lower energy infrared photons, which can generate additional power. This process has been confirmed experimentally, but it has not been used in photovoltaic cells. A layer of silicon nanocrystals and germanium ions will be placed on top of the solar cell as a spectrum shaper. This spectral shaper transforms high-energy ultraviolet photons into several low-energy photons. This system has a higher efficiency and a broader perspective than solar concentrators.
Subsequent research will focus on further improving the concentration of silicon nanocrystals, as well as the size of the rare earth ions and the distance between them, while testing the thickness of the optimized layer. Whether such a spectrum shaper can use an anti-reflective coating at the same time will also be tested.
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