[Mineral Australia Review] With the deepening of global economic integration and the deep integration of international mining, the internationalization of China's mining engineering professionals has become a hot and difficult point. This makes the comparative study of undergraduate teaching in mining engineering at home and abroad become very urgent.
"Exploration and Optimization of Undergraduate Teaching System in Sino-Australian Mining Engineering"
The development of China's mining engineering discipline. The mining engineering profession and discipline construction have undergone corresponding reforms with the development of the times. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, we began to vigorously build mining engineering programs to achieve the goal of China's rapid industrial development and industrial power. Therefore, it has developed rapidly in the number of students enrolled, the quality of education and teaching, and the level of scientific research. Among them, the Tsinghua University, Tianjin University, Northwestern University, specializing in mining merger of Tangshan College of Railways set up China Mining Institute of Mining Engineering received the full support of the state and focus on the development, established its leading position in specialty construction Mining Engineering It also made the mining engineering discipline one of the important disciplines at that time.
Since the 1990s, the research direction of mining engineering disciplines has evolved from a single mining process and mine pressure to today's mining methods and processes, mining system engineering, roadway surrounding rock control, stope mining pressure, coal and gas mining, A more comprehensive discipline in the field of open pit mining and slope engineering, underground coal gasification, mining damage and protection.
With the rapid improvement of the international mining science and technology and equipment level and the increasingly fierce international competition, China has put forward higher requirements for the cultivation of undergraduate students in the 21st century. How to make Chinese mining engineering undergraduate teaching higher quality, more competitive, and more adaptable to China's economic system and economic growth mode is an important issue that Chinese mining engineering educators will face.
2. The necessity of comparative study of undergraduate teaching in mining engineering in China and Australia. Taking coal resource exploitation as an example, with the rapid development of the domestic and international coal industry, international exchanges and cooperation have deepened, and coal enterprises have begun to establish themselves in the domestic market and vigorously enter the international market. At the same time, the degree of internationalization of large domestic coal enterprises has been continuously improved, the exchange and cooperation of international talents has been increasing, and the demand for international first-class mining engineering professionals has increased dramatically. These talents should have the characteristics of fine technology, English, knowing the rules, knowing the economy, and managing the management. Obviously, the traditional mining engineering professional training model can no longer meet the market demand.
However, China's mining (especially coal mine) market tends to be stable, and the overall talents tend to be saturated. However, there is still a large demand for international mining engineering undergraduate talents in the international market. This is a good opportunity for China's coal energy industry talents to go global. . Therefore, in the process of the development of China's mining engineering profession, we will absorb and utilize foreign high-quality teaching and research resources to accelerate the multi-faceted, multi-level, more efficient and more avant-garde internationalization of Chinese mining engineering, and pay more attention to cultivating students' international Vision, innovation and teamwork spirit enable Chinese undergraduate students to improve in all aspects, and effectively promote the overall improvement of China's teaching, research and management level, and continuously improve international influence, which is an important strategic choice for China's future. Australia is known for its quality education industry, and mining is the mainstay of its own country. Undergraduate education in mining engineering ranks among the best in the world with its unique advantages. It is transported annually to international mining companies such as Peabody, BHP, Riotint, etc. A large number of high-quality undergraduate graduates, its teaching characteristics and advantages have reference significance for the undergraduate professional teaching of mining engineering in China. In order to promote the international exploration of undergraduate teaching in mining engineering and adapt to the needs of international talents in the new era, the China University of Mining and Technology and the University of Wollongong in Australia were used as examples to conduct a comparative study on the undergraduate teaching system of mining engineering in China and Australia.
Third, the characteristics and shortcomings of the undergraduate teaching system of China's mining engineering, China's mining engineering discipline after years of construction, the general teaching system at the undergraduate level. The undergraduate teaching of mining engineering has its own characteristics, but there are still some shortcomings, including the following aspects:
1. There are many basic knowledge categories, involving other professional categories and many coal mines as the main direction for the employment of mining engineering students at China University of Mining and Technology. Graduates are mainly engaged in production management and technical support in coal mines. There are more requirements for the point, and the graduates are required to have not only solid basic knowledge, but also comprehensive knowledge of management, technology, scheduling, coordination and cooperation.
Therefore, undergraduate majors in China's mining engineering require mathematics, statistics, operations and other basic knowledge of mathematics and other basic knowledge of engineering, physics, chemistry, mechanics and so on. Compared with the undergraduate teaching of mining engineering in Australian universities, there are many basic knowledge categories and many professional categories.
2. The number of professional courses is large, and the professional knowledge is divided into fine professional basic knowledge including geological surveys required for geotechnical engineering. The mining engineering specialty of Chinese universities is subdivided into underground mining, open pit mining and mine ventilation and safety. Due to the refinement of professional knowledge, the professional knowledge content of the undergraduate graduates is reduced. The course mainly includes coal geology, well engineering and blasting, and mine surveying. Students must understand the knowledge of minerals and rocks, stratigraphic structures, hydrology and other geological aspects, mine measurement and other knowledge of wellbore construction, well design, support and other wellbore roadways.
3. The course requirements are not high. Although university education requires students to have the ability to learn independently, the school still needs to strictly demand many links, such as examination links and assignments. Most of the undergraduate course examinations in China's mining engineering are based on the knowledge points on the books: on the one hand, the difficulty of examinations is reduced, which is not enough to accurately locate the learning outcomes; on the other hand, the examination focuses on knowledge rather than teaching knowledge, which makes it easy for students to approach Test assault, can not grasp the knowledge points or make the book knowledge blend. For the operation link, the content of the course is often not very high. Only some knowledge points can be mastered, and the focus of the course cannot be integrated. It is difficult to form a learning system for the textbook, and the coursework accounts for a small proportion of the course results, which leads to the lack of attention of students and teachers. Assignments often encourage students to master the knowledge in the textbooks.
4. The experimental and practical teaching courses are not effective. As a engineering major, mining engineering requires not only course learning, but also practical and practical courses. China University of Mining and Technology has ranked first in the mining engineering profession. As the leading mining university in China, it has a national key laboratory. All aspects of investment are complete, but the utilization rate of experimental equipment is not high. The experimental parts of the undergraduate experiment are mostly demonstration experiments. Not trained, and the ratio of experimental learning to classroom learning is not high. For internship courses, internship is an organic combination of book knowledge and on-the-spot practice. In actual internships, the number of downholes is often limited due to coal mine safety reasons. In some cases, teachers are led by teachers to visit the demonstration surface. The knowledge gained is relatively limited. As a important part of the practical teaching process, the senior graduation design is divided into general part, special part and translation part. The content is relatively systematic, but the flexibility is not enough.
The characteristics of the four Australian mining engineering undergraduate teaching system, the general teaching system of the Australian mining engineering undergraduate stage. The undergraduate teaching of Australian mining engineering has its own characteristics, and it is also different from the Chinese teaching mode, including the following aspects:
First, the professional curriculum is highly integrated. The undergraduate teaching of mining engineering in Australia is not like the direction of China's subdivision, and the undergraduate course of mining engineering in Australia is involved. Course categories are not as diverse as in China, undergraduate subjects are few, and course knowledge points are integrated with each other, such as ventilation, gas prevention, dust, and coal mine fire prevention. The course content will be arranged by a number of teachers. After the course, the school will arrange the on-site engineers to give lectures, and teach the students to understand the similarities and differences between the scene and the theory. The total credits required for undergraduate graduation in Australia are certain. The courses are mostly in the form of elective courses, which helps students to choose courses according to their interests and achieve better learning results.
Second, learning is innovative and inspiring, with a high gold content exam. The Australian mining engineering undergraduate course has no fixed textbooks. The course uses the teachers' real-time updated documents. At the same time, it also recommends relevant books to be read in combination with the course requirements and experience. The test content is closely related to the documents. The gold content is high. Students can not pass the test immediately before the test. The comprehensiveness and integrity of the student's course learning knowledge is detected. Some courses will also hire on-site engineering and technical personnel or management personnel to directly intervene in the lectures, so that the lectures can achieve the integration of classroom knowledge and actual conditions, easy to understand, and help to improve the quality of the course teaching.
Third, focus on developing students' ability to access materials, writing, and teamwork through regular coursework. In the Australian mining engineering undergraduate course, professional related operations will be arranged, such as the design of a certain coal mine, the investigation of a certain accident, etc., through the use of the library or the Internet to access the information, refer to the academic paper citation specifications to complete the report, and finally check the weight, teacher review Report the innovation and strengths and weaknesses and score. In addition, through thematic and other forms, students are free to group, select topics, freely assign tasks, access materials, conduct seminars, and complete presentations in small groups. After the course, each topic will be explained separately, and the results will be included in the total score. These forms of operation are widely recognized and adopted in Australia, and their effects are obvious, prompting students to integrate knowledge points and avoid swallowing.
Fourth, the Australian mining engineering undergraduate teaching experimental internship has achieved good results. Australian mining engineering undergraduate teaching laboratory and experimental equipment utilization rate is high, engineering professional courses are 1/3 to 1/2 class hours to be carried out in the laboratory, students through model production, experimental implementation, data monitoring, data processing, report writing, etc. The form is comprehensively completed, and the experimental content combined with classroom knowledge makes the theory and practice complement each other. The undergraduate internship requirements are equally strict. The school requires undergraduates to complete a certain amount of on-the-spot internships, but for paid internships, the internship content is the same as that of the on-site workers. Through internships, you can learn about the various systems and equipment use and maintenance of the mines. It is achieved, learning is dependent, and theory is linked to reality. Finally, before graduation, you need to complete professional project papers, focus on the professional direction, comprehensively apply what you have learned, and the content flexibility and practical characteristics are distinct.
V. Optimization of China's mining engineering undergraduate teaching system
1. Improve the classroom teaching mode
The traditional mode of undergraduate teaching in China is “one lesson and one teacherâ€. You can try to learn the undergraduate course in Australia and adopt “one lesson and more divisionsâ€. On the one hand, the relationship between undergraduates and teachers can be increased through one course; on the other hand, it is beneficial for teachers to play their teaching and research advantages in a specific direction, so that professors are more specialized. In addition, professional courses can employ on-site personnel from China's mining bureaus to participate in undergraduate teaching, better combining theoretical knowledge with field practice, and more conducive to undergraduate teaching in engineering practice.
2. Reform assessment mode
China's undergraduate assessment model is relatively rigid, which makes it difficult to avoid the pre-test assault phenomenon. It is difficult to detect the true situation of students mastering the curriculum knowledge. The reform assessment mode is “hard to changeâ€. The assessment content should focus on the key knowledge of the teacher's class. The assessment method should be flexible and changeable. There should be less final and written examinations, more ordinary and experimental assessment, and efforts to make students' ability. Get reflected.
3. Improve the operation link
The undergraduate teaching operation of China's mining engineering is relatively simple. The teaching time and the content of the examination are limited. It is impossible to guarantee the comprehensive teaching of knowledge points. It is necessary to encourage students to read the materials and improve the knowledge framework. The homework mode can try the “personal paper method†and “team discussion methodâ€, that is, the papers are arranged individually, and the course ends to answer, or 3 to 4 people can freely form teams, assign topics, consult materials, design framework, division of labor content, and form results. Respond. In this way, not only can students develop self-learning ability, but also develop students' teamwork ability.
4. Improve the experiment and practice
It is recommended to add more experimental links to the relevant courses in mining engineering, including hands-on experiments and analysis experiments under the experiment. In the experiment, the teaching method of “taking the student generation and changing the teacher as the student†is adopted. The teacher assists the students, the teachers and students discuss each other, and the students use the classroom knowledge, the actual operation instrument, the processing and the problem solving through hands-on operation and hands-on practice. Comprehensive ability. In the internship, the internship "one mine, one work, one division, regular rotation", that is, a worker with a student, responsible for the student's internship, including skills training, management training and internship assessment, etc., regular rotation, let students Get as much contact as possible on the spot and master and practice your expertise. In terms of graduation design, increase design flexibility and focus on developing students' ability to independently complete a mining-related subject.
Chengdu JRT is a world leader in the design and manufacture of highly accurate, precise and digital and analogue Laser Measurement Sensors, including serial laser distance transducer,usb Laser Distance Module,distance module ttl laser sensor rs232/RS485/Bluetooth. These Laser Distance Sensor products are widely used in many smart industrial precise measurement soluitons: robot,crane,etc. This Laser Distance Measure technology, combined with the high speed, 1mm high resolution and accurate measurement, specially the micro laser sensor(41*17*7mm),will confidently and accurately solve your precision measurement problem.
Laser Distance Measurement,Laser Measurement Sensors,Laser Distance Measurement,Smart Measure Sensor
Chengdu JRT Meter Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.jrt-measure.com