Zinc is an important raw material of non-ferrous metals, copper and aluminum present behind, rolled zinc metal having good zinc consumption in non-ferrous metals, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Zinc and many metals can form a variety of alloys with excellent properties. The main copper and zinc, tin, lead, brass and the like, for the mechanical industry; zinc with aluminum, magnesium, copper or the like made of die-cast alloy used in the manufacture of precision castings; cast steel and various Zinc plating on the surface can prevent corrosion, and zinc-containing spray materials and various corrosion-resistant materials are widely used; zinc processed materials are the main materials for manufacturing dry batteries. Zinc compounds such as zinc oxide and lithopone are indispensable raw materials for the pharmaceutical, rubber, pigment and paint industries.
The more common zinc-containing minerals are sphalerite, magnesite, smithsonite, willemite and heterogeneous ore. Generally, zinc ore can be divided into sulfide ore and oxidized ore. The zinc smelting method is still divided into two types: fire method and wet method. The world's wet zinc smelting production accounts for more than 85% of the total metal zinc production. At present, in the wet zinc smelting process, the electrowinning process is the most critical step in the production of zinc, which has the greatest impact on the cost and quality of electro-zinc. The amount of organic matter in the electrowinning process solution is of great significance for the control of the electrowinning operation index and environmental protection. There are three main types of organic substances entering the electrolyte: one is organic additives added to improve the physical and chemical quality of zinc precipitated from the cathode, lower the cell voltage and improve the working environment, such as gum, B-naphthol and naphthalene sulfonate; The other type is from the zinc raw material, the raw material comes from the flotation of minerals, so the organic substances that may remain are: flocculant No. 3, black drug, xanthate, fatty acid, amine agent, etc.; Brought by mistakes, such as: lubricating oil. If the concentration of organic matter is too large, it will affect the current efficiency of the electrowinning process, and eventually lead to “burningâ€, which seriously affects the normal progress of the zinc production process and the quality of the product, causing significant economic losses.
Zinc-smelting raw materials are mainly sulfide ores, but zinc-containing oxidized ores such as smithsonite have been developed for zinc extraction due to the decreasing of zinc-containing sulfide ore. In the traditional treatment of sulfide ore, both the fire method and the wet method require roasting, and the flotation agent is volatilized and decomposed during the roasting process, and the subsequent electrowinning process is not substantially affected. Zinc oxide concentrate refers to the use of low-grade zinc oxide ore to produce high-grade zinc oxide ore by flotation. The zinc oxide concentrate is directly acid leached, and the flotation agent organic matter enters the solution during the leaching process, resulting in electrowinning. The phenomenon of "burning board" occurs during the production process. Therefore, research on the removal method of zinc oxide concentrate flotation agent has become a major technical issue to be solved in the current zinc oxide ore extraction zinc industry.
The main purpose of this study is to propose the key technology for removing zinc oxide concentrate flotation reagent. The technical scheme is simple, economical, easy to operate, and safe and environmentally friendly. It completely solves this new technical problem in the production of electrowinning zinc and makes the production normal. The development has great practical significance for the development and utilization of low-grade zinc oxide ore.
Second, the main research content, the key technical issues to be solved:
When the zinc oxide concentrate is directly acid leached, the flotation agent enters the solution, causing the problem of "burning" in the electrowinning process. The main research contents of this subject are as follows:
1. Study methods for removing flotation reagents, such as mechanical desorption, desorption, etc.;
2. Study the optimal process conditions for the removal of flotation reagents;
3. Study the relationship between the concentration of flotation reagents and the electrowinning "burning board";
Key technical issues to be addressed:
1. The effect of removing flotation reagents on the electrowinning process;
2. The choice of method for removing flotation reagents.
Third, the proposed technical route and implementation plan:
There are two ways to remove the flotation agent from zinc oxide concentrate: one is roasting, which causes the organic matter to volatilize or decompose. However, due to the high water content of the zinc oxide concentrate obtained by flotation, the roasting method has higher energy consumption for removing the flotation reagent; The second is the wet method, which mainly has two methods of directly removing the chemical from the zinc oxide concentrate and removing the agent in the leach solution. The specific technical route and implementation scheme are as follows.
1. Flotation of zinc oxide concentrate - removal of organic matter - sulfuric acid leaching - zinc solution purification - electrowinning. Remove before leaching so that organic matter does not enter the zinc leachate. The technical points of the research are:
1 mixed concentrate re-grinding. Mainly to dissociate the commensurate monomer in the mixed concentrate, while removing a part of the agent.
2 stirring. Under high-concentration pulp conditions, stirring in a stirred tank relies on mutual friction between the ore particles to remove the agent on the surface of the ore particles.
3 Adjust the pH of the slurry and add other reagents. Adjust to weakly alkaline, neutral or weakly acidic. The flotation agent is generally carried out in a strong alkaline medium. Adjusting the pH of the slurry can destroy the adsorption equilibrium between the agent and the ore particles, and the amine can be desorbed from the ore particles.
2, flotation of zinc oxide concentrate - sulfuric acid leaching - removal of organic matter - zinc solution purification - electrowinning. The flotation agent is removed in the leach solution as the zinc is leached into the leachate. The technical points of the research are:
1 Add an anionic reagent. Zinc oxide flotation reagent is generally a cationic collector , adding an anionic reagent, precipitating or adsorbing to remove the flotation agent
2 Adding an adsorbent such as activated carbon, activated alumina, a spent zeolite catalyst, or the like. Excess flotation agent in the leachate is removed by the adsorption performance of the adsorbent.
3 ion exchange column. Adjust the appropriate pH value, adsorb the flotation agent on the anion exchange column, and remove the organic matter.
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