When a person is thirsty, drinking water will feel very comfortable, but will continue to drink water after thirst will feel uncomfortable. New research shows that these experiences come from the brain's judgment. Researchers scanned the human brain for drinking water. The scanner finds that the brain area that controls emotions is involved in the whole process. When people feel thirsty, they will have a reaction to drink water, and this area is controlling people to drink and thirsty. These brain circuits may have evolved to prevent people from drinking too much water resulting in dangerous low sodium levels, the researchers report.
In about 400 million years, humans and other animals have learned about thirst for their instinctive evolution, so that they can maintain the balance of water and nutrients, which is crucial to maintaining the normal function of cells. But how does the human brain determine that drinking water has satisfied thirst? To find out, neuroscientist Pascal Saker and his colleagues at the University of Melbourne, Australia, recruited 20 healthy men and women and allowed them to exercise for one hour on the exercise bike. Then they used magnetic resonance imaging to scan volunteers' brains to measure changes in blood flow in different regions of the brain. In the first scan, the volunteers drank water until they quenched their thirst. In the second scan, they were told to keep drinking water even though they were not thirsty. Volunteers report that after drinking water to solve thirst, they feel happy, and drinking too much water can be unpleasant. The thirst-quenching scans of the participants showed that their brains activated the activities of the anterior cingulate cortex and orbital prefrontal cortex - where the emotional decision zone played an important role.
The post-drinking scan also showed activity in the midcingulate cortex, which also involved emotions, motivations, and more basic brain functions in the insula, amygdala, and midbrain periaqueductal gray areas. It's a good thing that the brain tells the body when it's time to stop drinking. Drinking too much water can lead to dangerously low levels of sodium, called hyponatremia, or brain edema.
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