What are the mine transportation methods?

Wellbore to develop mines, ore mining under the mining face underground transport equipment to be transported through the wellbore to the loading ore chute, up to the surface by a lifting device, and then transported by ground transportation to beneficiation plant equipment or direct sale of Sinotrans; adit open up Or the mines developed by the slopes, the ore collected from the mining face must also be transported directly out of the ground through transport equipment. Therefore, transportation is also one of the main production systems of the mine.

Mine transportation methods include rail transportation, automobile transportation, belt conveyor transportation and aerial ropeway transportation.

     1 ) Rail transportation

The main equipment for rail transportation is rails, mine cars and electric vehicles.

(1) Track

The tracks laid in the downhole roadway are usually narrow rails (gauges are 600mm, 720mm and 900mm). It has a narrow gauge and light rails (8kg·m ^-1 , 11kg·m ^-1 , 15kg·m ^-1 , 18kg·m ^-1 , 24kg·m ^-1 , 33kg·m ^-1 and 38kg·m ^{-1 )} ) outside, and the ground iron road no different. The track consists mainly of rails, sleepers, ballasts and connectors.

(2) Mine car

Underground mine cars are divided into fixed, tipping, side unloading and bottom unloading types. The volume of the mine car is generally 0.5~4m ³ .

(3) Motor car

A downhole motor car overhead line and two kinds of battery, the metal frame mine mainly linear motor car.

The overhead electric locomotive uses a pantograph to introduce current from the overhead line into the motor of the locomotive and uses the orbit to make a current loop. Generally, DC power is used as a power source, and it is necessary to set a converter in the underground to convert the alternating current into direct current. The wired motor car has a simple structure, is easy to maintain, and has low transportation costs. However, the electric bow often sparks and cannot be used in mines with gas and mine dust explosion hazards. At present, there are several types of underground electric locomotives, such as 3t, 7t, 10t, 14t, and 20t. It should be determined based on factors such as the stage transportation volume, transportation distance, loading method, and concentration of loading points.

The battery-operated electric vehicle is powered by the battery it carries. It does not need to be wired or sparked. However, the battery needs to be replaced frequently, and the equipment and transportation costs are high. It is mainly used in mines with gas and mine dust explosion hazards.

2 ) Car transportation

Car transportation is mainly used for mines that develop flats or ramps. Its biggest advantage is that it does not need to lay rails, it is convenient and flexible to move, and it is easy to match with large-scale trackless equipment such as scraper. However, the exhaust gas discharged from the vehicle deteriorates the working environment in the underground and puts forward higher requirements for mine ventilation. Affected by the section of the roadway, the tonnage of underground vehicles is generally not high.

3 ) Belt conveyor transport

The belt conveyor is a transportation equipment that can continuously transport materials. It has high production capacity and can be used in continuous mining with continuous mining equipment and processes. There are many types of belt conveyors, but they are composed of three parts: the nose, the tail and the fuselage. The head is the transmission, including the motor, the reduction box and the active roller that drives the rotation of the tape; the tail is the tensioning device, which is composed of the tension roller and the tensioning device; the body includes the tape, the roller and the bracket.

The tape is supported by the roller support, bypassing the driving roller and the tension roller, and connecting the two ends with a tape clamp to form an endless belt. When the active drum rotates, the tape is continuously driven to transport the ore.

4 ) Aerial ropeway transportation

In some mines with mountainous terrain and complex terrain, there are also examples of using aerial ropeways for ground transportation. The aerial ropeway suspends the mine bucket through a wire rope erected in the air. As the traction wire rope moves, the mine bucket also moves along with the movement. It can directly cross large rivers and valleys and climb steep mountains, thus shortening the transportation distance between two points, reducing the amount of earth and stone works, and eliminating the need to construct bridge culverts. For mines located in mountainous areas with low yields, it is a A more effective method of surface transportation.

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